Ch 9 - intelligence and creativity

Question 1

psychometric approach to intelligence

Answer 1

intelligence is a trait or set of traits that characterize some people to a greater extent than others
- Goal is to identify the traits precisely and to measure them so that differences among individuals can be described

Question 2

Spearman proposed a two-factor theory of intelligence

Answer 2

• General mental ability (g) that contributes to performance on a variety of tasks
• Special abilities (s) that are specific to particular tasks

Question 3

Catell and Horn proposed two broad dimensions of intellect

Answer 3

• Fluid intelligence, the ability to use the mind actively to solve novel problems
• Crystallized intelligence, the use of knowledge acquired through school and life experiences

Question 4

Current consensus emerging from research is that intelligence is a hierarchy that includes

Answer 4

• At the top, a general ability factor that influences how well people do on a range of cognitive tasks
• In the middle, a few broad dimensions, such as fluid intelligence, crystallized intelligence, memory capacity, and processing speed
• At the bottom, specific abilities such as numerical reasoning, spatial discrimination, and word comprehension that also influence how well a person performs cognitive tasks that tap these specific abilities

Question 5

Test norms:

Answer 5

standards of normal performance expressed as average scores and the range of scores around the average

Question 6

Early version of IQ test was developed by ____ and permitted ____

Answer 6

• Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon
• Permitted testers to describe a child’s mental age, the level of age-graded problems a child could solve
• became the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale

Question 7

Scores on the Stanford-Binet and the Wechsler Scales form a

Answer 7

• Normal distribution

- Symmetrical bell-shaped spread around the average score of 100

Question 8

Gardner argues that there are at least 8 distinct intellectual abilities

Answer 8

1. Linguistic
2. Logical-mathematical
3. Musical
4. Spatial
5. Bodily-kinesthetic
6. Interpersonal
7. Intrapersonal
8. Naturalist

Question 9

Linguistic intelligence

Answer 9

– language skills

Question 10

Logical-mathematical intelligence

Answer 10

– abstract thinking and problem-solving

Question 11

Musical intelligence

Answer 11

– acute sensitivity to sound patterns

Question 12

Spatial intelligence

Answer 12

– accurate perception

Question 13

bodily-kinesthetic intelligence

Answer 13

– skillful use of the body to create, perform, etc.

Question 14

Interpersonal intelligence

Answer 14

– social intelligence and skill, sensitivity to the motivations and moods of others

Question 15

Intrapersonal intelligence

Answer 15

– understanding of one’s own feelings and inner life

Question 16

Naturalist intelligence

Answer 16

– expertise in the natural world of plants and animals

Question 17

Sternberg proposed a triarchic theory of intelligence – three components that jointly contribute to intelligent behavior

Answer 17

1) Practical or contextual component
2) Creative component
3) Analytic component

Question 18

Practical or contextual component

Answer 18

• Varies according to the sociocultural context in which it is displayed
• Ability to adapt to the environment

Question 19

Creative component includes

Answer 19

• Response to novelty, which requires active and conscious information processing
• Automization, or increased efficiency of information processing with practice

Question 20

Analytic component

Answer 20

Information-processing skills that are assessed by traditional IQ tests

Question 21

Flynn effect –

Answer 21

• during the 20th century, in all countries studied, average IQ scores increased by 3 to 4 points per decade
• Full-scale IQ scores increased by 18 points over 50 years
• Due to improved nutrition and living conditions, more focused attention from parents, and better education

Question 22

Most important factors in IQ

Answer 22

• Parental involvement with the child
• Opportunities for stimulation - Stimulation should be responsive to the child’s behavior and matched to the child’s competencies

Question 23

Intellectual disability is indicated by

Answer 23

• an IQ score of 70-75 and

- difficulties in meeting age-appropriate expectations in important areas of everyday functioning