Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Lifespan > Bldg blocks of growth (ch 5) > Flashcards

Bldg blocks of growth (ch 5) Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrine glands

A

secrete hormones directly into the blood stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pituitary gland

A

master endocrine gland and triggers the release of hormones from all other endocrine glands

  • produces growth hormone
  • Regulates growth from birth through adolescence; triggers adolescent growth spurt
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Thyroid gland

A

influences physical growth and development of central nervous system

  • produces activating hormones
  • Signal other endocrine glands such as ovaries and testes to secrete hormones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Testes

A

Responsible for development of male reproductive system during prenatal period

  • produces testosterone
  • directs male sexual development during adolescence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ovaries

A

Responsible for regulating menstrual cycle

  • Produces estrogen and progesterone
  • estrogen directs female sexual development during adolescence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Adrenal glands

A

Play a supportive role in the development of muscle and bones

  • produces adrenal androgens
  • contributes to sexual motivation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Common features of a neuron

A
  • Dendrites
  • Long axon of neuron
  • Synapse: Tiny gap where axon of one neuron makes connection with another neuron
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Dendrites:

A

branchy, bushy dendrites receive signals from other neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Long axon of neuron:

A

transmits signal to other neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Synapse:

A

Tiny gap where axon of one neuron makes connection with another neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Critical or sensitive period:

A

time when development proceeds most rapidly, occurs during late prenatal period and early infancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lateralization:

A

important feature of the developing organization of brain

  • AKA asymmetry and specialization of functions
  • Functions of two hemispheres diverge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Left hemisphere

A

controls right side of body

  • adept at sequential (step by step) processing needed for analytic reasoning and language processing
  • Thinking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Right hemisphere

A
  • controls left side of body
  • skilled at simultaneous processing of information needed for understanding spatial information and processing visual-motor information as well as the emotional content of information
  • Emotional
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The aging brain - some processes

A
  • Decrease in brain weight and volume
  • Transmission of signals by atrophied neurons is less effective
  • Declines in levels of neurotransmitters
  • Formation of senile plaques
  • Reduced blood flow to the brain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Plasticity and growth make up for degeneration in the brain until people are in their …

A

70s and 80s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Principles of Growth - Three principles

A
  1. Cephalocaudal
  2. Proximodistal
  3. Orthogenic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cephalocaudal:

A

growth occurs in a head-to-tail direction

  • early motor development follows this principle
  • eg can lift heads before they can sit
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Proximodistal:

A

from center outward to the extremities

- activities in trunk mastered before fine gross motor skills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Orthogenic:

A

Development starts globally and undifferentiated and moves toward increasing differentiation and hierarchical integration
- able to make a global response before a discriminated one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Milestones of brain development (weight changes)

A
  • At birth, brain weighs 25 percent of adult weight
  • By age 2, the brain weighs 75 percent of its adult weight
  • By age 5, brain weighs 90 percent of its adult weight
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Dynamic systems theory explains motor developments

A
  • A “self-ogranizing” process in which children use the sensory feedback they receive when they try difference movements to modify their motor behavior in adaptive ways
  • When children learn to walk, learning takes into account their biomechanical properties and characteristics of the environment they must navigate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

2 months - gross motor milestone

A

Lifts head up when lying on stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

3 mos - gross motor milestone

A

Rolls over from stomach to back; holds head steady when being carried

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

4 mos - gross motor milestone

A

Grasps a cube or other small object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

5 mos - gross motor milestone

A

Sits without support toward end of month

27
Q

6 mos - gross motor milestone

A

Stands holding on to something

28
Q

7 mos - gross motor milestone

A

Rolls over from back to stomach and may begin to crawl or creep; shows thumb opposition

29
Q

8 mos - gross motor milestone

A

Pulls self up to standing position

30
Q

9 mos - gross motor milestone

A

Walks holding on to furniture; bangs two objects together

31
Q

10 mos - gross motor milestone

A

Plays clapping games (eg pat-a-cake)

32
Q

11 mos - gross motor milestone

A

Stands alone

33
Q

12 mos - gross motor milestone

A

Walks well alone; drinks from a cup

34
Q

Leading cause of infant death

A

congenital malformations, incl

  • heart defects
  • spinal bifida
  • Down syndrome
  • cleft palate
35
Q

Second leading cause of infant death

A

complications of prematurity

1/3 of infant death

36
Q

Leading cause of death in children

A

Accidents

- car crashes

37
Q

In childhood, cephalocaudal and proximodistal principles prevail - true or false?

A

True

38
Q

Obesity rates have ____ over the past 30 years and are especially high among _____

A

Tripled;

minorities

39
Q

Adolescent growth spurt triggered by -

A

increase in level of growth hormones

40
Q

Increased production in ____ contributes to ____ in adolescents

A

adrenal androgens;

secondary sex characteristics of pubic/axillary hair

41
Q

Increased production of _____ is primarily responsible for secondary sex characteristics and sexual maturation

A

Gonadal hormones

42
Q

Tanner scale

A

Used to measure progression thru five stages of sexual maturity

43
Q

Advantages of early dev for boys

A
  • judged to be socially competent, attractive, and self-assured
44
Q

Disadvantages of early dev for boys

A
  • increased risk of earlier involvement in substance use and problem bx such as bullying, delinquency
45
Q

Late maturation for boys has…

A

more negative side effects -

  • more anxious
  • less secure
  • more behavioral and adjustment problems
  • lower achievement test scores
46
Q

Positive effects of late maturation for boys

A
  • less likely to use alcohol
47
Q

early dev for girls is usually

A

more disadvantageous

  • subject of ridicule, higher level of bodily dissatisfaction
  • earlier engagement in sexual activities
  • higher levels of depression
48
Q

Adv/disadv of late dev for girls

A

Adv - good school performance

Dis - some anxiety

49
Q

Early versus late dev – which groups are likely to find adolescence particularly disruptive?

A

Early-maturing girls

Late maturing boys

50
Q

Percentage of adolescents in poor physical shape

A

33% or 1/3

51
Q

Leading cause of deaths among teens

A

Unintentional injuries and violence

52
Q

__ of 4 high schoolers report occasional heavy or binge drinking

A

1 (of 4)

53
Q

Signs of aging noticeable by

A

age 40

54
Q

Middle-aged spread

A

extra weight

- associated with slower metabolism and insufficient physical exercise

55
Q

Healthcare cost of obesity

A

147 billion

56
Q

Good predictor of disability and ability to fxn in later life

A

Handgrip strength in middle age

57
Q

All older ppl report poor physiological functioning

A

FALSE

58
Q

Men w higher levels of testosterone tend to be more:

A
  • sexually active

- aggressive

59
Q

Avg age for menopause

A 
avg = 51
range = 45-54
60
Q

In 2002, a large study found that HRT (hormone replacement therapy) was associated with…

A

increased risk for breast cancer, heart attack, and stroke

61
Q

Andropause is characterized by

A

decreasing levels of testosterone and sx’s such as:

  • low libido
  • fatigue and lack of energy
  • erection probs
  • memory probs
  • loss of pubic hair
62
Q

Osteoporosis

A

loss of minerals

results in easily fractured bones

63
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

results from gradual deterioration of cartilage that cushions bones from rubbing together
- most common complain among older adults

64
Q

Results from the nun study

A

level of education affected longevity and health

- nuns who were physically and mentally active lived longer and were healthier than less active nuns

Lifespan (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions