CH 9 Gastrointestianl System Flashcards
Opening in the duodenum into which the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct drain
Ampulla of Vater
Cells that produce digestive enzymes and absorb digested food
Adsorptive Cells
One of four portions of the colon, it extends upward from the cecum
Ascending Colon
A digestive enzyme produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder
Bile
Digestion of food by enzymes in the stomach and small bowel
Chemical digestion
The presence of gallstones
Cholelithiasis
A semiliquid mass formed in the stomach by churned food mixed with digestive juices
Chyme
A pancreatic enzyme that digests proteins
Chymotrypsin
The route through which the gallbladder releases bile
Cystic Duct
One of four portions of the colon, it extends from the splenic flexure to the sigmoid colon
Descending Colon
Large dome-shaped muscle used for respiration that represents the boundary between the abdominal and thoracic cavities
Diaphragm
enzymes that break down sugars
Disaccharidases
A saclike organ located on the lower surface of the liver that acts as a reservoir for bile
Gallbladder
System composed of structures and organs involved in the consumption, digestion, and elimination of food; also called the digestive system or gastrointestinal tract
Gastrointestinal (GI) System
Cells that produce a protective mucous lining
Goblet Cells
An acid produced by parietal cells in the stomach that aids in digestion
Hydrochloric Acid
The chemical substance produced by parietal cells that is important in the adsorption of vitamin B12
Intrinsic Factor
The middle portion of the small intestine, it has thicker walls and more folds than other portions of the small intestine
Jejunum
Pancreatic enzymes that break down fat
Lipases
A large abdominal organ that secretes bile into the gallbladder, it is the largest internal organ of the body
Liver
The opening of a vessel
Lumen
Chewing
Mastication
An anatomic landmark in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen that typically represents the location of pain associated with appendicitis
McBurney’s Point
Chewing Food
Mechanical Digestion
Parts of the peritoneum that hold the abdominal organs in place and provide a passageway for blood vessels and nerves to the organ
Mesenteries
The motion of substances through the digestive tract
Motility
An elongated organ located in the upper left quadrant within the C-shaped loop of the small intestine, it secretes digestive enzyme and the hormones insulin, it secretes digestive enzymes and the hormones insulin and glucagon
Pancreas
The duct through which digestive enzymes pass on their way through the common hepatic duct on the duodenum at the ampulla of vater
Pancreatic Duct
Cells in the gastric mucosa that produce hydrochloric acid
Parietal Cells
A smooth membrane of connective tissue that lines the abdominal cavity
Parietal Peritoneum
One of the three sets of salivary glands
Parotid gland
enzyme that break down proteins
Peptidases
The process of contraction of smooth muscle in the wall of alimentary tract serves to propel food through the system
Peristalsis
An area behind the parietal peritoneum that contains the kidneys, pancreas, dudenum, and major blood vessels of the abdominal cavity
Retroperitoneal Space
Thick folds of the stomach wall
Rugae
The fluid produced by the salivary glands that helps break down starches and other polysaccharides into simple sugars, washes the oral cavity, and helps weaken bacteria
Saliva
The primary enzyme in saliva
Salivary Amylase
The glands that produce saliva; includes the parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands
Salivary Glands
One of four portions of colon, it extends from the descending colon and forms an S-shaped tube that extends into the pelvis and ends at the rectum
Sigmoid Colon
One of three sets of salivary glands
Sublingual Glands
One of the three sets of salivary glands
Submandibular Glands
One of four portions of the colon, it extends from the hepatic flexure across the abdomen to the splenic flexure
Transverse Colon
The Liver,Gall Bladder and theRight Kidney are found in this quadrant
RUQ
The Stomach, Pancreas and the Spleen are found in this quadrant
LUQ
The Appendix and the are found in this quadrant
RLQ
The Colon, Large Intestine, Left Ovary, and the Urinary Bladder.
LLQ
Hollow abdominal organs
Esophagus, Stomach, Intestine and the Gallbladder
Solid abdominal organs
Liver, Spleen and the Pancreas
Lies behind the stomach, vascular and vital in fighting infection as well as in removal of red blood cells from circulation
Spleen
Expandable, hollow tube with a thick, muscular wall that transports food and liquid from the mouth and oropharynx to the stomach, posterior to the trachea
Esophagus
Retroperitoneal Organs
Pancrease, Kidneys,Duodenum, and Major Blood Vessels
