CH 12 Endocrine System Flashcards
A hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that is important in the regulation of water and salt balance in the body
aldosterone
cells located in the islet of langerhans that secrete glucagon
alpha cells
male sex hormones
androgens
one of the two portions of the pituitary gland; it produces hormones that are not neurohormones; also called the andeohypophysis
anterior pituitary lobe
a hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary lobe of the pituitary gland, it constricts blood vessels and raises the blood pressure, also called vasopressin
antiduiretic hormone (ADH)
cells located in the islets of langerhans that secrete insulin
beta cells
a hormone produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland that is important in the regulation of calcium levels in the body
calcitonin
any of several steroids secreted by the adrenal gland
corticosteroids
a disorder of the pituitary gland that results in large volumes of dilute urine
diabetes insipidus
a condition that results from impaired production of insulin by the pancreas
diabetes mellitus
glands that empty secretions (hormones) directly into the blood
endocrine glands
a system of glands located throughout the body that secrete hormone that regulate many body functions, including growth, reproduction, temperature, metabolism, and blood pressure
endocrine system
glands that empty their products through ducts, usually onto epitherlial surfaces
exocrine glands
a process that stimulates both the liver and the kidneys to produce glucose from noncarbohydrate molecules
gluconeogenesis
a long polymer from which glucose is converted in the liver (animal starch)
glycogen
proteins secreted by glands to regulate body functions
hormones
the gland that secretes hormones that regulate the function of many other glands in the body; also called the pituitary gland
hypophysis
basal part of the diencephalon, it regulates the function of the pituitary gland
hypothalamus
compounds that travel from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland in specialized set of blood vessels; also called releasing factors
inhibiting factors
a specialized group of cells in the pancreas where insulin and glucagon are produces
islets of langerhans
the concept that once the desired effect of a hormone has been achieved, further production of the hormone is inhibited until it is needed again; also called feedback inhibition
negative feedback
hormones that are secreted by the posterior pituitary lobe
neurohormones
a hormone that causes the smooth muscles of the pregnant uterus to contract and milk to be released from the breasts of lactating women
oxytocin
an organ of both the endocrine and digestive systems, it produces the hormones insulin and glucagon
pancreas
four glands that are embedded in the posterior portion of each lobe of the thyroid, they produce and secrete parathyroid hormone
parathyroid glands
the gland that secretes hormones that regulates the function of many other glands in the body; also called the hypophysis
pituitary gland
the concept that once the desired effect of a hormone has been achieves, production of the hormone is continued
positive feedback
hormone that plays an important role in milk production in women
prolactin
a group of hormone-like fatty acids that are produced in many body tissues, including the uterus, brain and kidneys
prostaglandins
compounds that travel from the hypothalmus to the pituitary gland in a specialized set of blood vessels; also called inhibiting factors
releasing factors
a large endocrine gland that is located at the base of the neck and produces and excretes hormones that influence growth, development and metabolism
thyroid gland
a hormone that controls the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland; also called thyrotropin
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
