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CSW - Unit III - Wine Labels, Laws, and Regions > Ch. 9 - France > Flashcards

Ch. 9 - France Flashcards

1
Q

Who initially brought vines to France?

A

Wine grapes were probably first brought to France
by the Greeks and Romans, who established several
colonies along the Mediterranean coast.

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2
Q

Who is responsible for propagating wine grapes in France?

A

The Romans spread viticulture farther inland after
conquering Gaul and founding cities throughout
the area.

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3
Q

After the fall of Roman Empire in the 5th Century who were responsible for tending to the vineyards?

A

In the fifth century, when the Roman Empire
collapsed and France began to develop as a
nation, wine became associated with the Christian
monasteries especially the Benedictine and Cistercian Orders.

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4
Q

What are the bottles of Alsatian wines called?

A

Flute d’Alsace.

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5
Q

Which countries share borders with France?

A

The north bordering on Belgium and Luxembourg.
The eastern boundaries with Germany, Switzerland, and Italy; the Mediterranean coast to the south; and the natural boundary with Spain at the Pyrenees.

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6
Q

Name the most planted white grapes of France.

A
  • Ugni Blanc (Trebbiano): 200,000 acres (80,000 ha)
  • Chardonnay
  • Sauvignon Blanc
  • Melon de Bourgogne
  • Semillon
  • Chenin Blanc
  • Muscat
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7
Q

Name the most planted red grapes of France.

A
  • Merlot - 250,000 acres (101,000 ha) - 151,000 acres (61,000 ha) in Bordeaux alone.
  • Cabernet Sauvignon
  • Cabernet Franc
  • Grenache
  • Syrah
  • Pinot Noir
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8
Q

How many Vin de Pays designation are there in France.

A

74 VdP as of 2018.

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9
Q

Name the regional VdP’s of France.

A
  • Pays d’Oc IGP - covering the western part of the French Mediterranean coast, including Languedoc and Roussillon.
  • Val de Loire IGP - Covering the Loire Valley and
    Chablis.
  • Comtes Rhodaniens IGP - Covering the northern
    Rhone Valley and Savoie.
  • Mediterranee IGP - Covering southeast France,
    including the Rhone Valley and Provence.
  • Comte Tolosan IGP: Covering southwest France.
  • L’ Atlantique IGP: Covering Bordeaux, Dordogne,
    and Charentais.
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10
Q

How much wine does Bordeaux produce annually?

A

Bordeaux makes about 61 million cases of wine annually. Almost all of this wine qualifies for AOC status, accounting for one-fourth of all French AOC-level production.

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11
Q

Which rivers flow through Bordeaux?

A

The rivers Garonne and the Dordogne, meet to form the Gironde, a long estuary that flows into the Atlantic.

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12
Q

Name the main regions of Bordeaux.

A
  • Left Bank, to the west of the Garonne and Gironde;
  • Right Bank, east and north of the Dordogne and Gironde;
  • Entre-Deux-Mers, between the Garonne and Dordogne Rivers.
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13
Q

What is the climate of Bordeaux?

A

Being so close to the Atlantic, Bordeaux naturally has a maritime climate with a Gulf Stream influence, but
the climate is tempered thanks to the protective barrier formed by the Landes Forest (Pine Forest) along the western coast.

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14
Q

Name the red varietals of Bordeaux.

A
  • Merlot
  • Cabernet Sauvignon
  • Cabernet Franc
  • Malbec
  • Petit Verdot
  • Carmenere
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15
Q

Name the white varietals of Bordeaux.

A
  • Semillon
  • Sauvignon Blanc
  • Muscadelle
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16
Q

List the villages of Medoc on the Left Bank.

A
  • Medoc
  • Haut-Medoc
  • St.-Estephe
  • Pauillac
  • St-Julien
  • Listrac-Medoc
  • Moulis-en-Medoc
  • Margaux
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17
Q

List the villages of Graves on the Left Bank.

A
  • Pessac Leognan
  • Graves
  • Cerons
  • Barsac
  • Sauternes
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18
Q

Name the villages of the Right Bank.

A
  • Fronsac
  • Canon Fronsac
  • Pomerol
  • Lalande-de-Pomerol
  • St.Emilion
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19
Q

Name the satellites of St. Emilion.

A
  • Lussac-St.-Emilion
  • Montagne-St.- Emilion
  • Puisseguin-St .-Emilion
  • St.-Georges-St.-Emilion.
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20
Q

Name the sub-zones of Cotes de Bordeaux AOC.

A
  • Blaye-Cotes de Bordeaux
  • Cadillac-Cotes de Bordeaux
  • Castillon-Cotes de Bordeaux
  • Francs-Cotes de Bordeaux
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21
Q

Who are negociants?

A

Negociants a class of middlemen which developed by buying juice or wine from numerous small farms and blending it under their own label.

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22
Q

What is “en primeur” system in Bordeaux?

A

En primeur, or “in futures is a system in which most top Bordeaux is sold several years before it is bottled and long before it is drinkable.
This provides cash flow for the chateaux, which otherwise would have to wait years to get paid for
their work, as well as a potential price break for
brokers and retailers who buy the wine early.

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23
Q

Why and by whom was the Bordeaux Classification of 1855 carried out?

A

The Bordeaux Classification of 1855 was carried out by brokers in Bordeaux city in preparation for the Universal Exhibition in Paris that year.

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24
Q

Name the original premier cru, or “first growth,” of the 1855 Classification.

A

he 1855 Classification premier cru comprised four chateaux:

  • Haut-Brion
  • Lafite Rothschild
  • Latour
  • Margaux
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25
Q

Which modification was made to the 1855 Classification?

A

A fifth, Chateau Mouton-Rothschild, was moved up to the top tier in 1973- one of the few changes ever to be made in the ranking since its initial publication.

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26
Q

Name the Superior first growth of the sweet wine classification.

A
  • Chateau d’Yquem.
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27
Q

When was the classification of the chateaux of Graves carried out?

A
  • 1953 and again in 1959.
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28
Q

How many tiers does the 1959 classification of the chateaux of Graves have?

A

There is only one level: cru classe (classified

growth).

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29
Q

When was the classification of the chateaux of St.-Emilion carried out?

A

The only classification system on the Right Bank is
the one established in St.-Emilion in 1954.
Reclassified in 2006, implemented in 2010, with the newest list published in September 2012.
Administrative Tribunal of Bordeaux declared
it to be legal in 2016.

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30
Q

How many tiers does the 2012 classification of the chateaux of St.-Emilion have?

A

The St.-Emilion Grand Cru appellation has two
categories: grand cru classe (great classified
growths) and the higher premier grand cru classe
(first great classified growths).

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31
Q

Name the Grand Cru Classe A of the St.-Emilion Classification.

A
  • Chateau Angelus
  • Chateau Ausone
  • Chateau Cheval Blanc
  • Chateau Pavie
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32
Q

When was Cru Bourgeois introduced?

A
  • 1932 - 444 estates
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33
Q

Name the classifications of Cru Bourgeois as of 2018.

A
  • Cru Bourgeois
  • Cru Bourgeois Superieur
  • Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel
    To be renewable every five years.
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34
Q

What is Cru Artisan?

A

A term used in Bordeaux since the nineteenth century, for small, family-owned estates in the Medoc.

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35
Q

When was the Cru Artisan list updated?

A

2006 with a list of 44 producers who have the right to include “Cru Artisan” on their labels.

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36
Q

Which is the longest river in France?

A

The Loire is the longest river in France.

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37
Q

Where does the Loire originate from and where does it flow?

A

Loire originates from the Massif Central in the heartland of France which then flows north to the twin
towns of Sancerre and Pouilly-sur-Loire after which making a broad turn to flow west toward the Atlantic Ocean, south of Brittany.

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38
Q

Name the major wine regions of Loire Valley.

A
  • The Pays Nantais
  • Anjou-Saumur
  • Touraine
  • The Upper Loire (Central Vineyards)
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39
Q

What is the climate of Loire valley?

A

Pays Nantais - maritime climate

Upper Loire - continental climate

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40
Q

Name the major white grape varieties of Loire Valley.

A
  • Melon de Bourgogne
  • Sauvignon Blanc
  • Chenin Blanc
    Small amounts of Arbois, Chardonnay, Pinot Gris, and Folle Blanche are planted as well.
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41
Q

Which is the main AOC for Melon grape?

A

Melon de Bourgogne variety is limited to the Pays Nantais area, where it is made into the wellknown
wines of the Muscadet AOCs.

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42
Q

What is the name for Chenin Blanc in Loire?

A
  • Pineau de la Loire.
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43
Q

Why is Chenin Blanc prefered for the dessert wines in Loire?

A

Chenin Blanc’s thin skins make it highly susceptible to botrytis, which is instrumental in creating the region’s highly acclaimed dessert wines.

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44
Q

Name the main regions in Loire for Chenin Blanc.

A
  • Vouvray

- Savennieres

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45
Q

Name the main regions in Loire for Sauvignon Blanc.

A
  • Sancerre

- Pouilly-Fume

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46
Q

Name the major red grape varieties of Loire Valley.

A
  • Cabernet Franc
  • Cabernet Sauvignon
  • Pinot Noir
  • Gamay
  • Grolleau
  • Malbec
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47
Q

What is the name for Cabernet Franc in Loire?

A
  • Breton
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48
Q

What is the name for Malbec in Loire?

A
  • Cot
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49
Q

What is “Fines Bulles”?

A

Sparkling wines of the Loire, marketed under the
name Fines Builes (fine bubbles), are made in the
Traditional Method.

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50
Q

Name the regional appellation of Loire Valley.

A

IGP Val de Loire - replaced the Vin de Pays du

Jardin de la France in 2009.

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51
Q

Name the appellations of the Pays Nantais.

A
  • Muscadet AOC
  • Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire AOC
  • Muscadet Cotes de Grandlieu AOC
  • Muscadet Sevre et Maine AOC
  • Gros Plant du Pays Nantais AOC
  • Coteaux d’ Ancenis AOC
  • Fiefs Vendeens AOC
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52
Q

What are the grapes for Gros Plant du Pays Nantais AOC?

A
  • Folle Blanche (Gros Plant)
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53
Q

What are the grapes for Coteaux d’ Ancenis AOC?

A

White - 100% Pinot Gris [Malvoisie]

Rose/Red - 100% Gamay

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54
Q

What are the grapes for Fiefs Vendeens AOC?

A

White - Chenin Blanc blended with a small amount
of Chardonnay and other white varieties.
Rose - Blends of Gamay and Pinot Noir.
Red - Blends of Cabernet Franc, Negrette, and
Pinot Noir.

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55
Q

What are the grapes for Anjou AOC?

A

Red - Cabernet Franc & Cabernet Sauvignon

White - Chenin Blanc with up to 20% Sauvignon Blanc or Chardonnay.

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56
Q

What are the grapes for Savennieres AOC?

A
  • 100% Chenin Blanc - dry white wine.
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57
Q

Name the regional rose appellations of Anjou AOC.

A
  • Rose d’ Anjou - off-dry - Grolleau

- Cabernet d’ Anjou - off-dry - Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc.

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58
Q

Rose de Loire AOC comes from which regions?

A

Anjou, Saumur, and Touraine.

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59
Q

Name the sub-regions of Coteaux du Layon AOC.

A
  • Bonnezeaux

- Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru

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60
Q

What style of wine is Coteaux du Layon AOC famous for?

A
  • 100% Chenin Blanc based sweet wines.
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61
Q

Name a red wine only appellation of Saumur AOC.

A

Saumur-Champigny AOC - Cabernet Franc with up to 15% of Cabernet Sauvignon or Pineau d’ Aunis.

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62
Q

What is the other name for Pineau d’ Aunis?

A
  • Chenin Noir.
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63
Q

Name the main sparkling wine appellation of Saumur.

A
  • Saumur Mousseux - Traditional Method - 60% Chenin Blanc or 60% Cabernet Franc.
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64
Q

Which is the main region for production of Cremant de Loire?

A
  • Saumur
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65
Q

Name the main white wine regions of Touraine.

A
  • Vouvray

- Montlouis-sur-Loire

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66
Q

Name the main red wine regions of Touraine.

A
  • Chinon
  • Bourgueil
  • St.-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil
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67
Q

What are the main grapes for Touraine?

A

White - Chenin Blanc & Sauvignon Blanc

Red - Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon & Malbec.

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68
Q

What are the grapes for Chinon Blanc?

A
  • 100% Chenin Blanc.
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69
Q

What are the grapes for Cheverny AOC?

A

White - Sauvignon Blanc & Sauvignon Gris

Red/Rose - Pinot Noir blended with Gamay.

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70
Q

What are the grapes for Sancerre and Pouilly-Fume AOC?

A

White - 100% Sauvignon Blanc

Red - Pinot Noir

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71
Q

What are the soils of Sancerre and Pouilly-Fume AOC?

A

Sancerre - chalky limestone

Pouilly-Fume - flinty

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72
Q

Name the other appellations of Central vineyards.

A
  • Menetou-Salon
  • Quincy
  • Reuilly
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73
Q

What is the annual production of Champagne?

A

More than 32 million cases per year, or about 18% of the entire world production of sparkling wine.

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74
Q

What is the acreage for Champagne region?

A
  • 84,500 acres (34,200 ha).
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75
Q

Name the main regions of Champagne.

A
  • Montagne de Reims
  • Vallee de la Marne
  • Cote des Blancs
  • Cote de Sezanne
  • Cote des Bar
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76
Q

What is the soil profile of Champagne?

A

Chalk and limestone-rich marl.

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77
Q

What role does the soil play in Champagne?

A
  • These soils allow the vine roots to dig freely and deeply.
  • They have the ability to retain moisture.
  • Also allowing the excess water to drain away.
  • Maintain temperature.
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78
Q

What soil is particular to Cote des Bar?

A

Kimmeridgian marl - limestone rich soil- formed by fossilized marine deposits from an ancient sea that formed the Paris Basin mixed with clay.

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79
Q

What are the grapes for Champagne?

A

Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Pinot Meunier.

Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris, Petit Meslier, and Arbane.

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80
Q

What is the blend for Champagne Le Nombre d’Or by the House of Aubry?

A
  • Chardonnay, Arbane, Petit Meslier and Pinot Blanc.
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81
Q

In which regions is Chardonnay mainly planted?

A
  • Cote de Sezanne
  • Cote des Blanc
  • Montagne de Reims
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82
Q

In which regions is Pinot Noir mainly planted?

A
  • Cote des Bar

- Montagne de Reims

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83
Q

In which regions is Pinot Meunier mainly planted?

A
  • Vallee de la Marne
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84
Q

What is the quantity of a “marc”?

A

Marc (from the Old French marchier, meaning “to trample”)

- 4,000 kilograms

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85
Q

How much must can be extracted from a marc?

A
  • 2550 L/ 4000 Kg.
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86
Q

What is Vin de cuvee?

A

The free run and the first light pressings - 2050L

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87
Q

What is Vin de taille?

A

The juice from the next set of pressings - 500L

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88
Q

What is rebeche?

A

Juice from a third pressing, known as the rebeche, may be used to produce still wine (including a local
vin de liqueur known as Ratafia de Champagne PGI),
spirits, or vinegar.

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89
Q

What term is used for base wines in Champagne?

A
  • Vins clairs.
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90
Q

What is the ageing requirement for Champagne?

A

NV - 12 months on less (15 months total)

Millesime - 12 months on less (36 months total)

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91
Q

What is echelle des crus?

A

The wines of Champagne do not have a classification

scheme, but the villages do knows as echelle des crus.

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92
Q

How many Grand Cru & Premier Cru villages are there in Champagne?

A

Grand Cru - 17

Premier Cru - 40

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93
Q

Who regulates the echelle des crus?

A

Le Comite Interprofessionnel du vin de Champagne (CIVC).

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94
Q

In which year was echelle des crus abolished?

A

Early 2000’s

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95
Q

Name a few grower Champagnes.

A
  • Krug’s Clos du Mesnil

- Bollinger’s Vieilles Vignes Francaises

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96
Q

Name the non sparkling AOC’s of Champagne.

A
  • Rose des Riceys AOC

- Coteaux Champenois AOC

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97
Q

Who are negociants?

A

Negociants a class of middlemen which developed by buying juice or wine from numerous small farms and blending it under their own label.

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98
Q

What is “en primeur” system in Bordeaux?

A

En primeur, or “in futures is a system in which most top Bordeaux is sold several years before it is bottled and long before it is drinkable.
This provides cash flow for the chateaux, which otherwise would have to wait years to get paid for
their work, as well as a potential price break for
brokers and retailers who buy the wine early.

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99
Q

Why and by whom was the Bordeaux Classification of 1855 carried out?

A

The Bordeaux Classification of 1855 was carried out by brokers in Bordeaux city in preparation for the Universal Exhibition in Paris that year.

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100
Q

Name the original premier cru, or “first growth,” of the 1855 Classification.

A

he 1855 Classification premier cru comprised four chateaux:

  • Haut-Brion
  • Lafite Rothschild
  • Latour
  • Margaux
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101
Q

Which modification was made to the 1855 Classification?

A

A fifth, Chateau Mouton-Rothschild, was moved up to the top tier in 1973- one of the few changes ever to be made in the ranking since its initial publication.

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102
Q

Name the Superior first growth of the sweet wine classification.

A
  • Chateau d’Yquem.
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103
Q

When was the classification of the chateaux of Graves carried out?

A
  • 1953 and again in 1959.
104
Q

How many tiers does the 1959 classification of the chateaux of Graves have?

A

There is only one level: cru classe (classified

growth).

105
Q

When was the classification of the chateaux of St.-Emilion carried out?

A

The only classification system on the Right Bank is
the one established in St.-Emilion in 1954.
Reclassified in 2006, implemented in 2010, with the newest list published in September 2012.
Administrative Tribunal of Bordeaux declared
it to be legal in 2016.

106
Q

How many tiers does the 2012 classification of the chateaux of St.-Emilion have?

A

The St.-Emilion Grand Cru appellation has two
categories: grand cru classe (great classified
growths) and the higher premier grand cru classe
(first great classified growths).

107
Q

Name the Grand Cru Classe A of the St.-Emilion Classification.

A
  • Chateau Angelus
  • Chateau Ausone
  • Chateau Cheval Blanc
  • Chateau Pavie
108
Q

When was Cru Bourgeois introduced?

A
  • 1932 - 444 estates
109
Q

Name the classifications of Cru Bourgeois as of 2018.

A
  • Cru Bourgeois
  • Cru Bourgeois Superieur
  • Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel
    To be renewable every five years.
110
Q

What is Cru Artisan?

A

A term used in Bordeaux since the nineteenth century, for small, family-owned estates in the Medoc.

111
Q

When was the Cru Artisan list updated?

A

2006 with a list of 44 producers who have the right to include “Cru Artisan” on their labels.

112
Q

Which is the longest river in France?

A

The Loire is the longest river in France.

113
Q

Where does the Loire originate from and where does it flow?

A

Loire originates from the Massif Central in the heartland of France which then flows north to the twin
towns of Sancerre and Pouilly-sur-Loire after which making a broad turn to flow west toward the Atlantic Ocean, south of Brittany.

114
Q

Name the major wine regions of Loire Valley.

A
  • The Pays Nantais
  • Anjou-Saumur
  • Touraine
  • The Upper Loire (Central Vineyards)
115
Q

What is the climate of Loire valley?

A

Pays Nantais - maritime climate

Upper Loire - continental climate

116
Q

Name the major white grape varieties of Loire Valley.

A
  • Melon de Bourgogne
  • Sauvignon Blanc
  • Chenin Blanc
    Small amounts of Arbois, Chardonnay, Pinot Gris, and Folle Blanche are planted as well.
117
Q

Which is the main AOC for Melon grape?

A

Melon de Bourgogne variety is limited to the Pays Nantais area, where it is made into the wellknown
wines of the Muscadet AOCs.

118
Q

What is the name for Chenin Blanc in Loire?

A
  • Pineau de la Loire.
119
Q

Why is Chenin Blanc prefered for the dessert wines in Loire?

A

Chenin Blanc’s thin skins make it highly susceptible to botrytis, which is instrumental in creating the region’s highly acclaimed dessert wines.

120
Q

Name the main regions in Loire for Chenin Blanc.

A
  • Vouvray

- Savennieres

121
Q

Name the main regions in Loire for Sauvignon Blanc.

A
  • Sancerre

- Pouilly-Fume

122
Q

Name the major red grape varieties of Loire Valley.

A
  • Cabernet Franc
  • Cabernet Sauvignon
  • Pinot Noir
  • Gamay
  • Grolleau
  • Malbec
123
Q

What is the name for Cabernet Franc in Loire?

124
Q

What is the name for Malbec in Loire?

125
Q

What is “Fines Bulles”?

A

Sparkling wines of the Loire, marketed under the
name Fines Builes (fine bubbles), are made in the
Traditional Method.

126
Q

Name the regional appellation of Loire Valley.

A

IGP Val de Loire - replaced the Vin de Pays du

Jardin de la France in 2009.

127
Q

Name the appellations of the Pays Nantais.

A
  • Muscadet AOC
  • Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire AOC
  • Muscadet Cotes de Grandlieu AOC
  • Muscadet Sevre et Maine AOC
  • Gros Plant du Pays Nantais AOC
  • Coteaux d’ Ancenis AOC
  • Fiefs Vendeens AOC
128
Q

What are the grapes for Gros Plant du Pays Nantais AOC?

A
  • Folle Blanche (Gros Plant)
129
Q

What are the grapes for Coteaux d’ Ancenis AOC?

A

White - 100% Pinot Gris [Malvoisie]

Rose/Red - 100% Gamay

130
Q

What are the grapes for Fiefs Vendeens AOC?

A

White - Chenin Blanc blended with a small amount
of Chardonnay and other white varieties.
Rose - Blends of Gamay and Pinot Noir.
Red - Blends of Cabernet Franc, Negrette, and
Pinot Noir.

131
Q

What are the grapes for Anjou AOC?

A

Red - Cabernet Franc & Cabernet Sauvignon

White - Chenin Blanc with up to 20% Sauvignon Blanc or Chardonnay.

132
Q

What are the grapes for Savennieres AOC?

A
  • 100% Chenin Blanc - dry white wine.
133
Q

Name the regional rose appellations of Anjou AOC.

A
  • Rose d’ Anjou - off-dry - Grolleau

- Cabernet d’ Anjou - off-dry - Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc.

134
Q

Rose de Loire AOC comes from which regions?

A

Anjou, Saumur, and Touraine.

135
Q

Name the sub-regions of Coteaux du Layon AOC.

A
  • Bonnezeaux

- Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru

136
Q

What style of wine is Coteaux du Layon AOC famous for?

A
  • 100% Chenin Blanc based sweet wines.
137
Q

Name a red wine only appellation of Saumur AOC.

A

Saumur-Champigny AOC - Cabernet Franc with up to 15% of Cabernet Sauvignon or Pineau d’ Aunis.

138
Q

What is the other name for Pineau d’ Aunis?

A
  • Chenin Noir.
139
Q

Name the main sparkling wine appellation of Saumur.

A
  • Saumur Mousseux - Traditional Method - 60% Chenin Blanc or 60% Cabernet Franc.
140
Q

Which is the main region for production of Cremant de Loire?

141
Q

Name the main white wine regions of Touraine.

A
  • Vouvray

- Montlouis-sur-Loire

142
Q

Name the main red wine regions of Touraine.

A
  • Chinon
  • Bourgueil
  • St.-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil
143
Q

What are the main grapes for Touraine?

A

White - Chenin Blanc & Sauvignon Blanc

Red - Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon & Malbec.

144
Q

What are the grapes for Chinon Blanc?

A
  • 100% Chenin Blanc.
145
Q

What are the grapes for Cheverny AOC?

A

White - Sauvignon Blanc & Sauvignon Gris

Red/Rose - Pinot Noir blended with Gamay.

146
Q

What are the grapes for Sancerre and Pouilly-Fume AOC?

A

White - 100% Sauvignon Blanc

Red - Pinot Noir

147
Q

What are the soils of Sancerre and Pouilly-Fume AOC?

A

Sancerre - chalky limestone

Pouilly-Fume - flinty

148
Q

Name the other appellations of Central vineyards.

A
  • Menetou-Salon
  • Quincy
  • Reuilly
149
Q

What is the annual production of Champagne?

A

More than 32 million cases per year, or about 18% of the entire world production of sparkling wine.

150
Q

What is the acreage for Champagne region?

A
  • 84,500 acres (34,200 ha).
151
Q

Name the main regions of Champagne.

A
  • Montagne de Reims
  • Vallee de la Marne
  • Cote des Blancs
  • Cote de Sezanne
  • Cote des Bar
152
Q

What is the soil profile of Champagne?

A

Chalk and limestone-rich marl.

153
Q

What role does the soil play in Champagne?

A
  • These soils allow the vine roots to dig freely and deeply.
  • They have the ability to retain moisture.
  • Also allowing the excess water to drain away.
  • Maintain temperature.
154
Q

What soil is particular to Cote des Bar?

A

Kimmeridgian marl - limestone rich soil- formed by fossilized marine deposits from an ancient sea that formed the Paris Basin mixed with clay.

155
Q

What are the grapes for Champagne?

A

Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Pinot Meunier.

Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris, Petit Meslier, and Arbane.

156
Q

What is the blend for Champagne Le Nombre d’Or by the House of Aubry?

A
  • Chardonnay, Arbane, Petit Meslier and Pinot Blanc.
157
Q

In which regions is Chardonnay mainly planted?

A
  • Cote de Sezanne
  • Cote des Blanc
  • Montagne de Reims
158
Q

In which regions is Pinot Noir mainly planted?

A
  • Cote des Bar

- Montagne de Reims

159
Q

In which regions is Pinot Meunier mainly planted?

A
  • Vallee de la Marne
160
Q

What is the quantity of a “marc”?

A

Marc (from the Old French marchier, meaning “to trample”)

- 4,000 kilograms

161
Q

How much must can be extracted from a marc?

A
  • 2550 L/ 4000 Kg.
162
Q

What is Vin de cuvee?

A

The free run and the first light pressings - 2050L

163
Q

What is Vin de taille?

A

The juice from the next set of pressings - 500L

164
Q

What is rebeche?

A

Juice from a third pressing, known as the rebeche, may be used to produce still wine (including a local
vin de liqueur known as Ratafia de Champagne PGI),
spirits, or vinegar.

165
Q

What term is used for base wines in Champagne?

A
  • Vins clairs.
166
Q

What is the ageing requirement for Champagne?

A

NV - 12 months on less (15 months total)

Millesime - 12 months on less (36 months total)

167
Q

What is echelle des crus?

A

The wines of Champagne do not have a classification

scheme, but the villages do knows as echelle des crus.

168
Q

How many Grand Cru & Premier Cru villages are there in Champagne?

A

Grand Cru - 17

Premier Cru - 40

169
Q

Who regulates the echelle des crus?

A

Le Comite Interprofessionnel du vin de Champagne (CIVC).

170
Q

In which year was echelle des crus abolished?

A

Early 2000’s

171
Q

Name a few grower Champagnes.

A
  • Krug’s Clos du Mesnil

- Bollinger’s Vieilles Vignes Francaises

172
Q

Name the non sparkling AOC’s of Champagne.

A
  • Rose des Riceys AOC

- Coteaux Champenois AOC

173
Q

What is the vineyard acreage of Alsace?

A

38,300 acres (15,500 ha)

174
Q

What are the geographical influences in Alsace?

A

Alsace is sandwiched between the Vosges Mountains on the west and the Rhine River on the east.

175
Q

Name the main wine regions of Alsace.

A
  • Bas-Rhin department (consisting of the area to the north, but at a lower elevation).
  • Haut-Rhin department (comprising the area to the south, but at a higher elevation).
176
Q

What is the climate of Alsace?

A

Alsace has a cold continental climate due to its

northerly location and distance from the ocean.

177
Q

What are the main grape varieties of Alsace?

A

Red - Pinot Noir

White - Riesling, Gewurztraminer, Pinot Gris, Muscat, and Pinot Blanc.

178
Q

Name the appellations of Alsace.

A
  • Alsace AOC
  • Alsace Grand Cru AOC
  • Cremant d’ Alsace AOC.
179
Q

Where is the grape Klevener grown?

A

Klevener de Heiligenstein (Savagnin Rose) wines are restricted to the village of Heiligenstein and a few other specific communes.

180
Q

How many vineyards comprise the Alsace Grand Cru appellation?

A
  • 51 grand cru vineyards.

- Each have an AOC of their own.

181
Q

Which grapes are allowed for the Alsace Grand Cru appellation?

A

Alsace Grand Cru vineyards are permitted to grow only the “noble varieties” of Gewurztraminer, Muscat, Pinot Gris, or Riesling.

182
Q

Which grapes are allowed for the Cremant d’Alsace AOC appellation?

A

The Cremant d’Alsace AOC is approved for sparkling wine made from Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris, Riesling, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and/or Auxerrois, using the Traditional Method.

183
Q

What is “Edelzwicker”?

A

Inexpensive blends of the permitted white varieties.

184
Q

What is “Gentil”?

A

Blends produced with a minimum of 50% of the noble varieties.

185
Q

What is “Pinot” or “Pinot d ‘Alsace”?

A

Blend of Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris, Pinot Noir, or Auxerrois, vinified as a white wine.

186
Q

What is a “Vendange tardive” wine from Alsace?

A

“Vendange tardive” is produced from late-harvested grapes, which may or may not be affected by botrytis (these wines can be made into a dry style, as well).

187
Q

What is a “Selection de grains nobles” wine from Alsace?

A

“Selection de grains nobles” indicates a sweet wine

made from botrytis-affected grapes.

188
Q

What is the vineyard acreage of Burgundy?

A

71,500 acres (29,000 ha)

189
Q

Why is vineyard ownership highly fragmented in Burgundy?

A

The ownership of the vineyard land is notoriously splintered, due to both the French Revolution (during which the Church’s and aristocracy’s vineyards were expropriated and redistributed to peasant supporters) and the Napoleonic Code of inheritance, which dictated that land was to be inherited equally by all heirs, forcing the repeated division of privately held land among numerous people.

190
Q

Name the main wine regions of Burgundy.

A
  • Chablis
  • Cote d’Or
  • Cote Chalonnaise
  • Maconnais.
191
Q

What is the soil profile of Chablis?

A

Chablis is based on outcropping of Kimmeridgian marl.

192
Q

What are the sub-regions of Cote d’Or?

A
  • Cote de Nuits to the north

- Cote de Beaune to the south.

193
Q

What are the main grapes for Burgundy?

A

White - Chardonnay, Aligote, Pinot Blanc, Sauvignon Blanc and Sauvignon Gris.
Red - Pinot Noir, Gamay and Cesar.

194
Q

Name a few AOC’s of the Bourgogne AOC.

A
  • Bourgogne Cote d’Or
  • Bourgogne La Chapelle Notre-Dame
  • Bourgogne Tonnerre
  • Bourgogne Aligote
195
Q

What is the grape for Chablis?

A
  • 100% Chardonnay.
196
Q

Name the Grand Cru vineyards of Chablis.

A

Les Clos, Vaudesir, Bougros, Blanchet, Les Preuses, Valmur, and Grenouilles.

197
Q

Name the “principal” premiers crus of Chablis.

A
  • Fourchaume
  • Montee de Tonnerre
  • Vaillons
  • Mont de Milieu
  • Vosgros.
198
Q

Name the commune appellations of Cote de Nuits.

A
  • Marsannay
  • Fixin
  • Gevrey Chambertin
  • Morey-St.-Denis
  • Chambolle-Musigny
  • Vougeot
  • Vosne-Romanee
  • Nuits-St.Georges.
199
Q

Name the best-known grands crus of Cote de Nuits.

A
  • Chambertin
  • Musigny
  • Clos de Vougeot
  • Romanee-Conti.
200
Q

Name the only White wine Grand cru of Cote de Nuits.

A
  • Musigny Blanc.
201
Q

Name the only Red wine Grand cru of Cote de Beaune.

202
Q

Name the commune appellations of Cote de Beaune.

A
  • Aloxe-Corton
  • Pernand-Vergelesses
  • Beaune
  • Pommard
  • Volnay
  • Meursault
  • Puligny-Montrachet
  • ChassagneMontrachet
  • Ladoix-Serrigny.
203
Q

What is the grape for Bouzeron AOC?

A
  • 100% Aligote.
204
Q

What are the grapes for Maconnais AOC?

A
  • Chardonnay, Gamay. Aligote and Pinot Noir.
205
Q

What are the grapes for Vezelay AOC?

A
  • 100% Chardonnay.
206
Q

What are the grapes for Irancy AOC?

A
  • Pinot Noir, with up to 10% (combined) Cesar or Pinot Gris allowed.
207
Q

What are the grapes for Saint-Bris AOC?

A
  • Sauvignon Blanc and/or Sauvignon Gris.
208
Q

What is the soil profile of Beaujolais?

A
  • Granite soils.
209
Q

What are the main grapes of Beajolais?

210
Q

When is Beaujolais nouveau sold?

A
  • 3rd Thursday of November every year.
211
Q

Name the Beaujolais Crus.

A
  • St.Amour
  • Julienas
  • Chenas
  • Moulin-a-Vent
  • Fleurie
  • Chiroubles
  • Morgon
  • Regnie
  • Brouilly
  • Cote de Brouilly
212
Q

Name the lighter styles of Beaujolais Cru.

A
  • Chiroubles
  • Fleurie
  • St.Amour
213
Q

Name the fuller-bodied styles of Beaujolais Cru.

A
  • Brouilly
  • Cote de Brouilly
  • Julienas
  • Regnie
214
Q

Name the age-worthy styles of Beaujolais Cru.

A
  • Chenas
  • Moulin-a-Vent
  • Morgon
215
Q

Name the main regions of the Rhone Valley.

A
  • Northern Rhone

- Southern Rhone

216
Q

What is the climate of Northern Rhone?

A

The climate is more continental than Mediterranean, with hot summers and cold winters.

217
Q

What is the climate of Southern Rhone?

A

Southern Rhone enjoys the Mediterranean climate of the South of France, with abundant sunshine, warm temperatures, and minimal precipitation during the growing season, although there can be sudden, violent rainstorms.

218
Q

What are “galets”?

A

Large rounded stones that have been washed down from the mountains and cover the ground in several places, especially around Chateauneuf-du-Pape.

219
Q

What is “mistral”?

A

The strong, cold wind from the north which can impact the local climate and damage the grapevines.

220
Q

What are the grapes for Northern Rhone?

A

White - Viognier, Marsanne, and Roussanne.

Red - Syrah.

221
Q

What are the grapes for Southern Rhone?

A

Red - Grenache, Syrah, Carignan, Mourvedre, and Cinsaut.

White - Grenache Blanc, Clairette, Viognier, Ugni Blanc, Roussanne, Marsanne and Muscat.

222
Q

Which grape is preferred for rose production in Rhone valley?

A
  • Grenache Noir.
223
Q

Name the main sub-regions of Northern Rhone.

A
  • Cote-Rotie
  • Condrieu
  • Chateau-Grillet
  • St.-Joseph
  • Crozes-Hermitage
  • Hermitage
  • Cornas
  • Saint-Peray
224
Q

Which appellation in northern Rhone uses only Syrah for its wines?

A
  • Cornas - 100% Syrah.
225
Q

What is the blend for red wines of northern Rhone?

A

The other red wine appellations of the northern Rhone allow a small proportion of white grapes to be mixed with the Syrah (Viognier for Cote Rotie; Marsanne and Roussanne for the others).

226
Q

Name the white wine only appellations of Northern Rhone.

A
  • Condrieu AOC
  • Chateau-Grillet AOC
    both 100% Viognier
  • Saint-Peray AOC - Marsanne and Roussanne.
227
Q

What is the blend of Chateauneuf-du-Pape?

A
  • Grenache-Noir, Gris, and Blanc
  • Mourvedre
  • Syrah
  • Cinsault
  • Counoise
  • Bourboulenc
  • Roussanne
  • Brun Argente (Vaccarese)
  • Clairette, Clairette Rose
  • Muscardin
  • Picardan
  • Piquepoul-Noir, Gris, and Blanc
  • Terret Noir
228
Q

Name a few AOCs of Southern Rhone.

A
  • Gigondas
  • Lirac
  • Rasteau
  • Cairanne
  • Vacqueyras
229
Q

What is Muscat de Beaumes-de Venise?

A

Muscat de Beaumes-de Venise is a vin doux naturel made from the Muscat grape variety; it has an alcohol level of 15% or more and a minimum of 10% residual sugar.

230
Q

Which is a Rose only appellation of Southern Rhone?

A
  • Tavel - Grenache and Cinsaut - dry roses of France.
231
Q

Name the appellations on the Drome River.

A
  • Clairette de Die AOC
  • Clairette de Die Methode Ancestrale Dioise
  • Cremant de Die AOC - Clairette, Muscat, and Aligote.
  • Coteaux de Die AOC - 100% Clairette
  • Chatillon-en-Diois AOC - Chardonnay and Aligote; Gamay, Pinot Noir, and Syrah.
232
Q

Name the appellations outside the boundaries of the

Cotes du Rhone AOC.

A
  • Ventoux AOC
  • Costieres de Nimes AOC
  • Luberon AOC
  • Duche d’Uzes AOC
  • Cotes de Vivarais AOC
  • Clairette de Bellegarde AOC
233
Q

What is “Sud-Ouest”?

A

French term for Southwest France located south of

Bordeaux and north of Languedoc.

234
Q

Name the white grapes of Southwest France.

A
  • Petit Manseng
  • Gros Manseng
  • Mauzac
  • Arrufiac.
235
Q

Name the red grapes of Southwest France.

A
  • Fer Servadou
  • Prunelard
  • Negrette
236
Q

What are the main grapes for Madiran AOC?

237
Q

What are the main grapes for Cahors AOC?

238
Q

What is the climate of Southern France?

A

The climate is Mediterranean with ample sun, low humidity, little rainfall, and moderate temperatures during the growing season. Winters range from chilly to cold but are never severe.

239
Q

What are the main grapes for Southern France?

A

Red: Syrah, Grenache, Carignan, Merlot, and Cabernet
Sauvignon.
White: Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Viognier, and Muscat.

240
Q

Name the regional AOC for Languedoc-Rousillon.

A
  • Pays d’Oc IGP
241
Q

What are the grapes for Pays d’Oc IGP?

A
  • Grenache, Syrah, Mourvedre, Cinsaut, Carignan and some white grapes.
242
Q

Name the main AOCs of Languedoc-Rousillon.

A
  • Corbieres
  • Minervois
  • Cotes du Roussillon
243
Q

Which subzone of the formerAOC Coteaux de Languedoc were promoted to their own AOC?

A
  • Terrasses du Larzac - 2014

- La Clape - 2015

244
Q

Name the vins doux naturels and sweet fortified wines AOCs of Languedoc and Roussillon.

A
  • Banyuls AOC
  • Maury AOC
    Both based on Grenache.
  • Muscat de Rivesaltes AOC
245
Q

What is Muscat de Noel?

A

Muscat de Rivesaltes is also produced in a unique “Christmas version” known as Muscat de Noel that must be bottled no later than December 1 of the harvest year.

246
Q

Name the sparkling wine appellations around the town of Limoux.

A
  • Cremant de Limoux AOC - a Traditional
    Method sparkling wine based on Chardonnay.
  • Blanquette de Limoux and Limoux Methode
    Ancestrale based on the Mauzac.
247
Q

Which is the oldest purposefully-produced sparkling wine in France?

A
  • Limoux Methode Ancestrale.
248
Q

What is the climate of Provence?

A
  • Mediterranean climate
249
Q

Which regional appellation covers Provence?

A
  • Mediterranee IGP
250
Q

What are the main grapes for Provence?

A

Grenache, Cinsault, Syrah, Mourvedre, and Tibouren

251
Q

Name the sub-regions of Provence.

A
  • Cotes de Provence
  • Coteaux d’ Aix-en-Provence
  • Coteaux Varois en Provence
252
Q

What are the main grapes for Bandol?

A

Mourvedre. Grenache and Cinsaut complement the blend, with Tibouren, Carignan, and Cabernet Sauvignon.

253
Q

What are the name for Vermentino, Sciaccarello & Sangiovese in Corsica?

A

Vermentino - Rolle
Sangiovese - Nielluccio
Sciaccarello - Mammolo

254
Q

What are the grapes for Corsica?

A

Vermentino, Sangiovese, Sciaccarello, Grenache, Mourvedre, Syrah, and Muscat.

255
Q

Which regional appellation covers Corsica?

A
  • Ill de Beaute (Isle of Beauty) IGP
256
Q

Name the VDN produced in Corsica.

A

Muscat du Cap Corse AOC - 100% Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains - Sundried

257
Q

Which AOC in Corsica produces high quality white, red, and rose wines?

A
  • Coteaux du Cap Corse AOC

a subregion of the Vin de Corse AOC

CSW - Unit III - Wine Labels, Laws, and Regions (13 decks)

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