Ch. 12 - Portugal Flashcards
What is climate of Portugal?
North West - Martime climate with Atlantic influences.
South - Mediterranean climate
Eastern - Continental.
Name the main red grapes of Portugal.
- Castelao (Periquita)
- Touriga Nacional
- Touriga Franca
- Tinta Roriz (Aragonez aka Tempranillo)
- Baga
- Trincadeira (TintaAmarela)
Name the main white grapes of Portugal.
- Loureiro
- Alvarinho (Albarino)
- Fernao Pires (Maria Gomes)
What is the Portuguese classification pyramid?
- Vinho (Vinho de Portugal)
- Vinho regional (VR) - PGI
- Denominacao de origem controlada (DOC) - PDO
What is the DOC of Minho VR?
- Vinho Verde DOC.
What are the white grapes for Vinho Verde DOC?
- Alvarinho
- Arinto (Pedema)
- Loureiro
- Trajadura
- Avesso
- Azal
- Batoca
What are the red grapes for Vinho Verde DOC?
- Vinhao
- Amaral (Azal Tinto)
- Alvarelhao (Brancelho)
- Borracal
- Espadeiro
- Padeiro
- Pedral
- Rabo de Anho
Which is the the first demarcated wine regions in the world?
- Douro - 1756.
Name the sub-regions of Porto.
- Baixo Corgo
- Cima Corgo
- Douro Superior
Name the main grapes for red port.
- Touriga Nacional
- Touriga Franca
- Tinta Roriz (Tempranillo)
- Tinta Barroca
- Tinto Cao
Name the main grapes for white port.
- Gouveio
- Malvasia Fina
- Rabigato
What is “cadastro”?
A unique and complex vineyard ranking system of Port that assesses 12 factors, including altitude, yield, and locality, awarding or subtracting points to arrive at a final total score.
What is “beneficio”?
The maximum amount of wine that may be fortified that year.
What are “lagares”?
Low, open granite or concrete troughs used for foot-crushing harvested grapes.
What are “barcos rabelos”?
Ornate flat-bottomed boats used to transport young port in pipes down river to Oporto.
Where did the center of the Port trade shift from Oporto in the late 1800s?
- Vila Nova de Gaia.
What is Ruby Port?
- Ruby Port has vibrant red color and youthful aromas but lack the longevity and complexity of flavors found in other styles of Port.
- It is aged in large oak casks for about two years before being bottled and ready to drink.
What is Ruby Reserve Port?
- A blend of premium ruby Ports bottled after four to six years’ aging in oak vats, reserve Ports are more like tawny Ports in style.
What is Late-Bottled Vintage (LBV) Port?
Wine from a single year, matured in large oak vats for four to six years after harvest.
What is Tawny Port?
Tawny Port is a version of ruby Port that is aged long enough in oak for the color to oxidize from ruby red to a golden brown shade, developing richer, more oxidized flavors along the way.
What does the age statement on the bottle of a Tawny port indicate?
The age stated on the label is an average, so some of the wine in the bottle is likely to be quite a bit older.
What is Vintage Port?
A Vintage Port is from a single year’s harvest and
is only produced in the best years. A vintage year is declared at the discretion of the producer, sometimes in as few as three years out of ten.
What is the minimum ageing for vintage port?
Min. 3 years
What is Single Quinta Vintage Port?
Single quinta vintage Port - a variation on the vintage Port style-is produced from the grapes of a specific estate or vineyard.
Name a few examples of Single Quinta Vintage Port.
- Dow’s Quinta do Bomfim
- Taylor’s Quinta de Terra Feita
What is Colheita?
- A single-vintage tawny Port.
- The wine must remain in cask for at least seven years.
Which producer introduced rose Port?
In 2008, Croft introduced a rose Port called Croft
Pink.
Where is Madeira produced?
Madeira is made on the island of Madeira as well as on the island of Porto Santo.
Which is the appellation for still unfortified red, white, and rose wines produced in Madeira?
- Madeirense DOC or Terras Madeirenses VR.
What are levadas?
- Canals made for irrigation purposes.
Name the grapes used in Madeira production.
- Sercial
- Verdelho
- Boal
- Malvasia
- Tinta Negra
Name the main Madeira production methods.
- Canteira method
- Estufagem method
Describe the Canteiro method.
- The wine is placed in casks and stored in the rafters of an uncooled warehouse.
- It will be subjected to high temperatures under the subtropical sun for a minimum of two years.
- Some evaporation occurs and the remaining wine becomes more concentrated, developing more complex flavors and aromas.
What is the minimum ageing for canteiro wines?
- Minimum of 3 years.
- The finest examples may remain in cask for 20 years or more.
Describe the different types of Estufagem method.
- Cuba de calor
- Armazem de calor.
Describe Cuba de calor.
- The wine is left in a concrete or stainless steel vat known as an estufa.
- Hot water is circulated through a submerged coil
within the vessel for a minimum of three months,
heating the wine to 113°F to 122°F (45°C to 50°C). - After this process, the wine rests in the estufa for a
minimum of 90 days.
Describe Armazem de calor.
- The wine in vats in a large room that is heated by steam to over 120°F (49°C) for six months to one year.
- The wine itself reaches temperatures of 86°F to 100°F (30°to 38°C).
- This process, used mainly by the Madeira Wine Company, utilizes lower temperatures and a longer period of time than the cuba de calor method.
What is the minimum ageing for Estufagem wines?
- Minimum of 2 years.
What is Rainwater Madeira?
Rainwater Madeira a traditional name for an off-dry blend with a golden or semi-golden color; must be at
least 3 years old.
What is Reserve (Reserva) Madeira?
- A madeira which is at least 5 (but no more than 10) years old.
What is Special Reserve (Reserva Especial) Madeira?
- A madeira which is at least 10 (but no more than 15) years old.
What is Extra Reserve Madeira?
- A madeira which is at least 15 (but no more than 20) years old.
What is Colheita Madeira?
A madeira which is produced from a single vintage (85% minimum), and aged for at least 5 years before
bottling.
What is Frasqueira Madeira?
- Vintage Madeira, cask aged for a minimum of 20 years.
- A minimum of 85% of the wine must be from the stated vintage; this allows for some “topping up” of the wine with younger wines throughout the aging process.
Name the DOC of Beira Atlantico VR.
- Bairrada DOC
What are the main grapes for Bairrada DOC?
Red - Baga
What grapes are used to make Bairrada sparkling wines?
- Traditional Method
- Maria Gomes (Fernao Pires)
- Min. 9 months ageing.
Name the main grapes for Dao DOC.
Min 15% Touriga Nacional, Alfrocheiro, Tinta Roriz and Jaen.
White - Encruzado and Bical.
Name the main grapes for Lisboa.
Red - Bastardo, Trincadeira, and Ramisco.
What is the main feature for Colares?
The vineyards are planted in the sand and protected from the ocean winds by windbreaks made of sand dunes and wooden fences.
- Ungrafted Ramisco vines.
What are the main grapes for Tejo DOC?
White - Fernao Pires
Red - Castelao and Trincadeira.
Which mountain range is present in Peninsula de Setubal?
- Arrabida Mountain Range.
Name the main DOCs of Peninsula de Setubal?
- Setubal DOC
- Palmela DOC
What are the main grapes for Setubal DOC?
- Vins doux naturels produced from the min. 85% Muscat of Alexandria grape, labeled as Moscatel de Setubal.
What are the main grapes for Palmela DOC?
- Castelao
- Sandy soils.
What are the main grapes for Alentejo DOC?
- Aragonez (Tempranillo)
- Trincadeira (Tinta Amarela)
- Alicante Bouschet
Name the DOCs of Algrave.
- Lagos
- Portimao
- Lagoa
- Tavira
Name the DOCs of Azores VR.
- Total chain on 9 islands but 3 DOCs
- Biscoitos DOC
- Graciosa DOC
- Pico DOC
What are the main grapes for Azores VR?
- Verdelho
- Arinto (Pedema)
- Terrantez
