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CSW - Unit III - Wine Labels, Laws, and Regions > Ch. 12 - Portugal > Flashcards

Ch. 12 - Portugal Flashcards

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1
Q

What is climate of Portugal?

A

North West - Martime climate with Atlantic influences.
South - Mediterranean climate
Eastern - Continental.

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2
Q

Name the main red grapes of Portugal.

A
  • Castelao (Periquita)
  • Touriga Nacional
  • Touriga Franca
  • Tinta Roriz (Aragonez aka Tempranillo)
  • Baga
  • Trincadeira (TintaAmarela)
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3
Q

Name the main white grapes of Portugal.

A
  • Loureiro
  • Alvarinho (Albarino)
  • Fernao Pires (Maria Gomes)
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4
Q

What is the Portuguese classification pyramid?

A
  • Vinho (Vinho de Portugal)
  • Vinho regional (VR) - PGI
  • Denominacao de origem controlada (DOC) - PDO
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5
Q

What is the DOC of Minho VR?

A
  • Vinho Verde DOC.
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6
Q

What are the white grapes for Vinho Verde DOC?

A
  • Alvarinho
  • Arinto (Pedema)
  • Loureiro
  • Trajadura
  • Avesso
  • Azal
  • Batoca
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7
Q

What are the red grapes for Vinho Verde DOC?

A
  • Vinhao
  • Amaral (Azal Tinto)
  • Alvarelhao (Brancelho)
  • Borracal
  • Espadeiro
  • Padeiro
  • Pedral
  • Rabo de Anho
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8
Q

Which is the the first demarcated wine regions in the world?

A
  • Douro - 1756.
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9
Q

Name the sub-regions of Porto.

A
  • Baixo Corgo
  • Cima Corgo
  • Douro Superior
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10
Q

Name the main grapes for red port.

A
  • Touriga Nacional
  • Touriga Franca
  • Tinta Roriz (Tempranillo)
  • Tinta Barroca
  • Tinto Cao
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11
Q

Name the main grapes for white port.

A
  • Gouveio
  • Malvasia Fina
  • Rabigato
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12
Q

What is “cadastro”?

A

A unique and complex vineyard ranking system of Port that assesses 12 factors, including altitude, yield, and locality, awarding or subtracting points to arrive at a final total score.

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13
Q

What is “beneficio”?

A

The maximum amount of wine that may be fortified that year.

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14
Q

What are “lagares”?

A

Low, open granite or concrete troughs used for foot-crushing harvested grapes.

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15
Q

What are “barcos rabelos”?

A

Ornate flat-bottomed boats used to transport young port in pipes down river to Oporto.

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16
Q

Where did the center of the Port trade shift from Oporto in the late 1800s?

A
  • Vila Nova de Gaia.
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17
Q

What is Ruby Port?

A
  • Ruby Port has vibrant red color and youthful aromas but lack the longevity and complexity of flavors found in other styles of Port.
  • It is aged in large oak casks for about two years before being bottled and ready to drink.
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18
Q

What is Ruby Reserve Port?

A
  • A blend of premium ruby Ports bottled after four to six years’ aging in oak vats, reserve Ports are more like tawny Ports in style.
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19
Q

What is Late-Bottled Vintage (LBV) Port?

A

Wine from a single year, matured in large oak vats for four to six years after harvest.

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20
Q

What is Tawny Port?

A

Tawny Port is a version of ruby Port that is aged long enough in oak for the color to oxidize from ruby red to a golden brown shade, developing richer, more oxidized flavors along the way.

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21
Q

What does the age statement on the bottle of a Tawny port indicate?

A

The age stated on the label is an average, so some of the wine in the bottle is likely to be quite a bit older.

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22
Q

What is Vintage Port?

A

A Vintage Port is from a single year’s harvest and
is only produced in the best years. A vintage year is declared at the discretion of the producer, sometimes in as few as three years out of ten.

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23
Q

What is the minimum ageing for vintage port?

A

Min. 3 years

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24
Q

What is Single Quinta Vintage Port?

A

Single quinta vintage Port - a variation on the vintage Port style-is produced from the grapes of a specific estate or vineyard.

25
Q

Name a few examples of Single Quinta Vintage Port.

A
  • Dow’s Quinta do Bomfim

- Taylor’s Quinta de Terra Feita

26
Q

What is Colheita?

A
  • A single-vintage tawny Port.

- The wine must remain in cask for at least seven years.

27
Q

Which producer introduced rose Port?

A

In 2008, Croft introduced a rose Port called Croft

Pink.

28
Q

Where is Madeira produced?

A

Madeira is made on the island of Madeira as well as on the island of Porto Santo.

29
Q

Which is the appellation for still unfortified red, white, and rose wines produced in Madeira?

A
  • Madeirense DOC or Terras Madeirenses VR.
30
Q

What are levadas?

A
  • Canals made for irrigation purposes.
31
Q

Name the grapes used in Madeira production.

A
  • Sercial
  • Verdelho
  • Boal
  • Malvasia
  • Tinta Negra
32
Q

Name the main Madeira production methods.

A
  • Canteira method

- Estufagem method

33
Q

Describe the Canteiro method.

A
  • The wine is placed in casks and stored in the rafters of an uncooled warehouse.
  • It will be subjected to high temperatures under the subtropical sun for a minimum of two years.
  • Some evaporation occurs and the remaining wine becomes more concentrated, developing more complex flavors and aromas.
34
Q

What is the minimum ageing for canteiro wines?

A
  • Minimum of 3 years.

- The finest examples may remain in cask for 20 years or more.

35
Q

Describe the different types of Estufagem method.

A
  • Cuba de calor

- Armazem de calor.

36
Q

Describe Cuba de calor.

A
  • The wine is left in a concrete or stainless steel vat known as an estufa.
  • Hot water is circulated through a submerged coil
    within the vessel for a minimum of three months,
    heating the wine to 113°F to 122°F (45°C to 50°C).
  • After this process, the wine rests in the estufa for a
    minimum of 90 days.
37
Q

Describe Armazem de calor.

A
  • The wine in vats in a large room that is heated by steam to over 120°F (49°C) for six months to one year.
  • The wine itself reaches temperatures of 86°F to 100°F (30°to 38°C).
  • This process, used mainly by the Madeira Wine Company, utilizes lower temperatures and a longer period of time than the cuba de calor method.
38
Q

What is the minimum ageing for Estufagem wines?

A
  • Minimum of 2 years.
39
Q

What is Rainwater Madeira?

A

Rainwater Madeira a traditional name for an off-dry blend with a golden or semi-golden color; must be at
least 3 years old.

40
Q

What is Reserve (Reserva) Madeira?

A
  • A madeira which is at least 5 (but no more than 10) years old.
41
Q

What is Special Reserve (Reserva Especial) Madeira?

A
  • A madeira which is at least 10 (but no more than 15) years old.
42
Q

What is Extra Reserve Madeira?

A
  • A madeira which is at least 15 (but no more than 20) years old.
43
Q

What is Colheita Madeira?

A

A madeira which is produced from a single vintage (85% minimum), and aged for at least 5 years before
bottling.

44
Q

What is Frasqueira Madeira?

A
  • Vintage Madeira, cask aged for a minimum of 20 years.
  • A minimum of 85% of the wine must be from the stated vintage; this allows for some “topping up” of the wine with younger wines throughout the aging process.
45
Q

Name the DOC of Beira Atlantico VR.

A
  • Bairrada DOC
46
Q

What are the main grapes for Bairrada DOC?

A

Red - Baga

47
Q

What grapes are used to make Bairrada sparkling wines?

A
  • Traditional Method
  • Maria Gomes (Fernao Pires)
  • Min. 9 months ageing.
48
Q

Name the main grapes for Dao DOC.

A

Min 15% Touriga Nacional, Alfrocheiro, Tinta Roriz and Jaen.

White - Encruzado and Bical.

49
Q

Name the main grapes for Lisboa.

A

Red - Bastardo, Trincadeira, and Ramisco.

50
Q

What is the main feature for Colares?

A

The vineyards are planted in the sand and protected from the ocean winds by windbreaks made of sand dunes and wooden fences.
- Ungrafted Ramisco vines.

51
Q

What are the main grapes for Tejo DOC?

A

White - Fernao Pires

Red - Castelao and Trincadeira.

52
Q

Which mountain range is present in Peninsula de Setubal?

A
  • Arrabida Mountain Range.
53
Q

Name the main DOCs of Peninsula de Setubal?

A
  • Setubal DOC

- Palmela DOC

54
Q

What are the main grapes for Setubal DOC?

A
  • Vins doux naturels produced from the min. 85% Muscat of Alexandria grape, labeled as Moscatel de Setubal.
55
Q

What are the main grapes for Palmela DOC?

A
  • Castelao

- Sandy soils.

56
Q

What are the main grapes for Alentejo DOC?

A
  • Aragonez (Tempranillo)
  • Trincadeira (Tinta Amarela)
  • Alicante Bouschet
57
Q

Name the DOCs of Algrave.

A
  • Lagos
  • Portimao
  • Lagoa
  • Tavira
58
Q

Name the DOCs of Azores VR.

A
  • Total chain on 9 islands but 3 DOCs
  • Biscoitos DOC
  • Graciosa DOC
  • Pico DOC
59
Q

What are the main grapes for Azores VR?

A
  • Verdelho
  • Arinto (Pedema)
  • Terrantez

CSW - Unit III - Wine Labels, Laws, and Regions (13 decks)

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