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CSW - Unit III - Wine Labels, Laws, and Regions > Ch. 20 - Asia > Flashcards

Ch. 20 - Asia Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the vine acreage in China?

A
  • Approx 1,970,000 acres (797,000 ha)
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2
Q

Where was world’s first fermented beverage produced using grapes?

A

Jiahu, located in the central portion of China south of the Yellow River Valley.

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3
Q

What were the constituents of “Neolithic grog.”?

A

Dr. Patrick McGovern and Professor Fang decribed the contents to be a fermented beverage made using
rice, honey, hawthorn fruit, and wild grapes estimated to be from 7000-6600 BCE.

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4
Q

When did modern wine making start in China?

A
  • 1892
  • Zhang Bishi, a Qing Dynasty diplomat, imported more than 100 European grape varieties for use in modem China’s first winemaking facility, the Changyu Winemaking Company.
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5
Q

When was the regulation controlling the quality of wines passed in China?

A

2004 - new regulations mandated that

wine be made strictly from grapes or grape juice.

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6
Q

What is the climate of China?

A

China has a continental monsoon climate differentiated by region and characterized by dry, cold winters and rainy, hot summers.

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7
Q

Name the most planted grape varieties of China.

A

Red - Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Gernischt (Carmenere), Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Shiraz, Gamay, Grenache, Marselan & Pinot Noir.
White - Chardonnay.

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8
Q

Name the native grapes of China.

A
  • Vitis Amurensis (the Amur grape)
  • Vitis Armata
  • Vitis Sinocinerea
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9
Q

Name a few of the Chinese cross varieties.

A
  • Yan 73 - Muscat Hamburg X Alicante Bouschet.

- Gongniang No. 1 - Muscat Hamburg X Vitis amurensis hybrid

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10
Q

What is the crossing for Marselan?

A
  • Cabernet Sauvignon X Grenache
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11
Q

Describe Dragon Eyes.

A
  • A vinifera variety Longyan.
  • Been planted in China for several hundred years.
  • Longyan is a high-yielding grape variety with a reddish-pink skin that produces wines often described as having a Gewtirztraminer like aroma and flavors of flowers, peaches, and lychee fruit.
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12
Q

When was the first geographical indication protection regulation was put in place in China?

A
  • 2005

- General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection, and Quarantine (AQSIQ).

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13
Q

Who regulates the term “Estate Wine” in China?

A
  • Since 2012

- Shandong Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision (SBQTS)

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14
Q

What are the requirements for a wine to be labelled as “Estate Wine” in China?

A
  • The producing estate should own all the vines.
  • The wine should be produced and bottled within the estate.
  • Should only use grapes from vines that are more than three years old.
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15
Q

Which is the first legally regulated and geographically defined wine region in China?

A
  • Eastern Foot of Helan Mountain - Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.
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16
Q

Name the geographical regions which are in pipeline to be approved in China.

A
  • Xinjiang Autonomous Region - Hoxud and Turpan.
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17
Q

Name the main Chinese wine regions.

A
  • Hebei
  • Ningxia
  • Shandong
  • Shanxi
  • Xinjiang
  • Yunnan
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18
Q

Where is Hebei located?

A
  • North-East China.
  • Hebei is located around the municipalities of Beijing and Tianjin.
  • Hebei is located to the north of the Yellow River, on the coast of the Bohai Sea.
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19
Q

Which wine producer is currently China’s largest

producer by volume?

A
  • China Great Wall Wine Company.
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20
Q

Which Sino-French Demonstration Vineyard is planted in Hebei?

A
  • Domaine Franco Chinois - planted in the late 1990s.
  • Planted with vinifera varieties, including Cabernet Sauvignon, Riesling, Viognier, Merlot, Marselan, and Petit Manseng.
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21
Q

Where is Ningxia located?

A
  • Central China
  • About 500 miles (805 km) west of Beijing.
  • Eastern edge of the Gobi Desert.
22
Q

What is soil profile of Ningxia?

A
  • Loess soil.
23
Q

What is the climate of Ningxia?

A
  • Continental climate, with significant day/night and

summer/winter temperature variations.

24
Q

What are the grapes for Ningxia region?

A

Red - Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Gernischt,

White - Chardonnay, Riesling, Syrah.

25
Q

In which year did Ningxia classify estates similar to the 1855 Classification of Bordeaux?

A
  • 2013
  • Five classes, to be known as “growths” or “grades.”
  • Total of 36 estates classified at grades 3,4, and 5.
26
Q

Where is Shandong located?

A
  • Eastern China.

- Shandong is located on the shores of the Yellow Sea.

27
Q

What is the climate of Shandong?

A
  • Temperate climate with maritime influences and significant humidity.
28
Q

Which iconic winery is located in Shandong?

A
  • Changyu Pioneer Wine Company.

- First “modern” Chinese winery and credited with importing many vinifera varieties into China beginning in the 1890s.

29
Q

What are the grapes for Shandong region?

A

Red - Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Gernischt, Marselan, and Petit Verdot
White - Riesling, Petit Manseng, and Chardonnay.

30
Q

Where is Shanxi located?

A
  • Central China.

- West of Beijing and adjoining Hebei.

31
Q

What is the climate of Shanxi?

A
  • Continental climate featuring cold winters.

- Summers are generally dry, but inconsistent summer rains of the East Asia Monsoon may cause problems with humidity.

32
Q

Which iconic winery is located in Shanxi?

A
  • Grace Vineyards - 1997
  • 148 acres ( 60 ha) under vine.
  • Produces approximately 400,000 bottles of wine a year.
33
Q

Where is Xinjiang located?

A
  • Western China

- Neighboring the central Asian countries of Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and Afghanistan.

34
Q

Which mountains are present in Xinjiang?

A
  • Tien Shan Mountains.
35
Q

Name the dominant geographic feature of Xinjiang.

A
  • Takla Makan Desert

- 130,000 square miles (337,000 km).

36
Q

Where are the vineyards located in Xinjiang?

A

The vineyards are to the north of the Tien Shan Mountains and to the south around the perimeter of the Takla Makan Desert.

37
Q

Which two regions nominated as geographical indications are present in Xinjiang?

A
  • Turpan and Hoxud.
38
Q

Where is Yunnan located?

A
  • Southern Central.

- South of the Yangtze River and shares a border with Vietnam, Laos, and Myanmar.

39
Q

What is the climate of Yunnan?

A
  • Tropical climate

- With low latitudes moderated by higher elevations, which average almost 5,000 feet (1,500 m) above sea level.

40
Q

When did viticulture begin in Yunnan?

A
  • 200 year viticultural history.
  • a French missionary traveled from India to Yunnan via the Ancient Tea Horse Trail.
  • He planted a vineyard with grapevines that
    included a variety brought from France known as
    Rose Honey.
41
Q

Which grape varieties are grown in Yunnan?

A
  • Rose Honey, non-vinifera species and hybrids
    such as Crystal and French Wild.
  • Cabernet Sauvignon.
42
Q

Where are the highest vineyards in the world located?

A
  • Shangri-La Winery Company Limited.
  • Yunnan province in Deqin at 28° north latitude.
  • Vineyards are located on steep slopes of the Mekong River.
  • Among the highest in the world at 8,200 feet (2,500 m).
43
Q

What is the vine acreage in Japan?

A
  • 5,000 acres (2,000 ha).
44
Q

When did viticulture and wine production begin in Japan?

A
  • 718 CE.
  • A Buddhist Monk - Gyoki - had a vision of the Yakushi Buddha (the Buddha of medicine and healing) holding a bunch of grapes.
  • Gyoki planted the first vineyards in Japan at the Daizenji Temple, located in presentday Yamanashi Prefecture about 65 miles (105 km) west of Tokyo.
45
Q

What is the original term for wine in Japan?

A
  • Chintashu (a phonetic equivalent of the Portuguese word “red” [tinta] and the Japanese word for “liquor” [shu]).
46
Q

Where were the first modern Japanese wines produced?

A

The first modem Japanese wines were produced in 1874 in the city of Kofu (Yamanashi Prefecture, on the island of Honshu).

47
Q

How many islands are included in the Japanese archipelago?

A
  • 6,852 islands
  • Four of these islands (from north to south-Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu) - make up about 97% of the country’s land area.
48
Q

What is “tanazukuri”?

A
  • Overhead trellises or pergolas.

- Tanazukuri encourage air circulation beneath the vine canopies, thus reducing the risk of fungal disease.

49
Q

What is considered to be the native grape for Japan?

A
  • Koshu - pink-skinned grape variety.
  • Known for producing light-bodied white wines with delicate fruit and floral flavors.
  • Found primarily in Katsunuma (a town in Yamanashi Prefecture).
50
Q

What are the grapes for Japan?

A

-Muscat of Alexandria, Muscat Bailey-A, Merlot, Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon, Kerner, and Zweigelt.

51
Q

What is Muscat Bailey-A?

A
  • A Japanese hybrid - red hybrid grape.
  • Created in 1927 by Zenbei Kawakami at the
    Iwanohara Winery in Japan’s Niigata Prefecture.
  • Bailey X Muscat Hamburg (Black Muscat).
52
Q

What is “NAC”?

A
  • Nagano Prefecture’s Wine Domain of Origin Certification Regulation.

CSW - Unit III - Wine Labels, Laws, and Regions (13 decks)

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