Ch. 20 - Asia Flashcards
What is the vine acreage in China?
- Approx 1,970,000 acres (797,000 ha)
Where was world’s first fermented beverage produced using grapes?
Jiahu, located in the central portion of China south of the Yellow River Valley.
What were the constituents of “Neolithic grog.”?
Dr. Patrick McGovern and Professor Fang decribed the contents to be a fermented beverage made using
rice, honey, hawthorn fruit, and wild grapes estimated to be from 7000-6600 BCE.
When did modern wine making start in China?
- 1892
- Zhang Bishi, a Qing Dynasty diplomat, imported more than 100 European grape varieties for use in modem China’s first winemaking facility, the Changyu Winemaking Company.
When was the regulation controlling the quality of wines passed in China?
2004 - new regulations mandated that
wine be made strictly from grapes or grape juice.
What is the climate of China?
China has a continental monsoon climate differentiated by region and characterized by dry, cold winters and rainy, hot summers.
Name the most planted grape varieties of China.
Red - Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Gernischt (Carmenere), Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Shiraz, Gamay, Grenache, Marselan & Pinot Noir.
White - Chardonnay.
Name the native grapes of China.
- Vitis Amurensis (the Amur grape)
- Vitis Armata
- Vitis Sinocinerea
Name a few of the Chinese cross varieties.
- Yan 73 - Muscat Hamburg X Alicante Bouschet.
- Gongniang No. 1 - Muscat Hamburg X Vitis amurensis hybrid
What is the crossing for Marselan?
- Cabernet Sauvignon X Grenache
Describe Dragon Eyes.
- A vinifera variety Longyan.
- Been planted in China for several hundred years.
- Longyan is a high-yielding grape variety with a reddish-pink skin that produces wines often described as having a Gewtirztraminer like aroma and flavors of flowers, peaches, and lychee fruit.
When was the first geographical indication protection regulation was put in place in China?
- 2005
- General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection, and Quarantine (AQSIQ).
Who regulates the term “Estate Wine” in China?
- Since 2012
- Shandong Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision (SBQTS)
What are the requirements for a wine to be labelled as “Estate Wine” in China?
- The producing estate should own all the vines.
- The wine should be produced and bottled within the estate.
- Should only use grapes from vines that are more than three years old.
Which is the first legally regulated and geographically defined wine region in China?
- Eastern Foot of Helan Mountain - Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.
Name the geographical regions which are in pipeline to be approved in China.
- Xinjiang Autonomous Region - Hoxud and Turpan.
Name the main Chinese wine regions.
- Hebei
- Ningxia
- Shandong
- Shanxi
- Xinjiang
- Yunnan
Where is Hebei located?
- North-East China.
- Hebei is located around the municipalities of Beijing and Tianjin.
- Hebei is located to the north of the Yellow River, on the coast of the Bohai Sea.
Which wine producer is currently China’s largest
producer by volume?
- China Great Wall Wine Company.
Which Sino-French Demonstration Vineyard is planted in Hebei?
- Domaine Franco Chinois - planted in the late 1990s.
- Planted with vinifera varieties, including Cabernet Sauvignon, Riesling, Viognier, Merlot, Marselan, and Petit Manseng.
Where is Ningxia located?
- Central China
- About 500 miles (805 km) west of Beijing.
- Eastern edge of the Gobi Desert.
What is soil profile of Ningxia?
- Loess soil.
What is the climate of Ningxia?
- Continental climate, with significant day/night and
summer/winter temperature variations.
What are the grapes for Ningxia region?
Red - Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Gernischt,
White - Chardonnay, Riesling, Syrah.
In which year did Ningxia classify estates similar to the 1855 Classification of Bordeaux?
- 2013
- Five classes, to be known as “growths” or “grades.”
- Total of 36 estates classified at grades 3,4, and 5.
Where is Shandong located?
- Eastern China.
- Shandong is located on the shores of the Yellow Sea.
What is the climate of Shandong?
- Temperate climate with maritime influences and significant humidity.
Which iconic winery is located in Shandong?
- Changyu Pioneer Wine Company.
- First “modern” Chinese winery and credited with importing many vinifera varieties into China beginning in the 1890s.
What are the grapes for Shandong region?
Red - Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Gernischt, Marselan, and Petit Verdot
White - Riesling, Petit Manseng, and Chardonnay.
Where is Shanxi located?
- Central China.
- West of Beijing and adjoining Hebei.
What is the climate of Shanxi?
- Continental climate featuring cold winters.
- Summers are generally dry, but inconsistent summer rains of the East Asia Monsoon may cause problems with humidity.
Which iconic winery is located in Shanxi?
- Grace Vineyards - 1997
- 148 acres ( 60 ha) under vine.
- Produces approximately 400,000 bottles of wine a year.
Where is Xinjiang located?
- Western China
- Neighboring the central Asian countries of Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and Afghanistan.
Which mountains are present in Xinjiang?
- Tien Shan Mountains.
Name the dominant geographic feature of Xinjiang.
- Takla Makan Desert
- 130,000 square miles (337,000 km).
Where are the vineyards located in Xinjiang?
The vineyards are to the north of the Tien Shan Mountains and to the south around the perimeter of the Takla Makan Desert.
Which two regions nominated as geographical indications are present in Xinjiang?
- Turpan and Hoxud.
Where is Yunnan located?
- Southern Central.
- South of the Yangtze River and shares a border with Vietnam, Laos, and Myanmar.
What is the climate of Yunnan?
- Tropical climate
- With low latitudes moderated by higher elevations, which average almost 5,000 feet (1,500 m) above sea level.
When did viticulture begin in Yunnan?
- 200 year viticultural history.
- a French missionary traveled from India to Yunnan via the Ancient Tea Horse Trail.
- He planted a vineyard with grapevines that
included a variety brought from France known as
Rose Honey.
Which grape varieties are grown in Yunnan?
- Rose Honey, non-vinifera species and hybrids
such as Crystal and French Wild. - Cabernet Sauvignon.
Where are the highest vineyards in the world located?
- Shangri-La Winery Company Limited.
- Yunnan province in Deqin at 28° north latitude.
- Vineyards are located on steep slopes of the Mekong River.
- Among the highest in the world at 8,200 feet (2,500 m).
What is the vine acreage in Japan?
- 5,000 acres (2,000 ha).
When did viticulture and wine production begin in Japan?
- 718 CE.
- A Buddhist Monk - Gyoki - had a vision of the Yakushi Buddha (the Buddha of medicine and healing) holding a bunch of grapes.
- Gyoki planted the first vineyards in Japan at the Daizenji Temple, located in presentday Yamanashi Prefecture about 65 miles (105 km) west of Tokyo.
What is the original term for wine in Japan?
- Chintashu (a phonetic equivalent of the Portuguese word “red” [tinta] and the Japanese word for “liquor” [shu]).
Where were the first modern Japanese wines produced?
The first modem Japanese wines were produced in 1874 in the city of Kofu (Yamanashi Prefecture, on the island of Honshu).
How many islands are included in the Japanese archipelago?
- 6,852 islands
- Four of these islands (from north to south-Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu) - make up about 97% of the country’s land area.
What is “tanazukuri”?
- Overhead trellises or pergolas.
- Tanazukuri encourage air circulation beneath the vine canopies, thus reducing the risk of fungal disease.
What is considered to be the native grape for Japan?
- Koshu - pink-skinned grape variety.
- Known for producing light-bodied white wines with delicate fruit and floral flavors.
- Found primarily in Katsunuma (a town in Yamanashi Prefecture).
What are the grapes for Japan?
-Muscat of Alexandria, Muscat Bailey-A, Merlot, Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon, Kerner, and Zweigelt.
What is Muscat Bailey-A?
- A Japanese hybrid - red hybrid grape.
- Created in 1927 by Zenbei Kawakami at the
Iwanohara Winery in Japan’s Niigata Prefecture. - Bailey X Muscat Hamburg (Black Muscat).
What is “NAC”?
- Nagano Prefecture’s Wine Domain of Origin Certification Regulation.
