Ch. 9 Eating Disorders

Question 1

Anorexia Prevalence

Answer 1

.9% or 9 in 1,000 women;

.3%, or 3 in 1,000 men

Question 2

Anorexia Description

Answer 2

Self-starvation, resulting in abnormally low body weight for one’s age, gender, height, and physical health and developmental level

Question 3

Anorexia Associated Features

Answer 3

1. Strong fears of gaining weight or becoming fat
2. Distorted self-image (perceiving oneself as fat despite extreme thinness)
3. Two general subtypes: binge eating/purging type and restricting type
4. Potentially serious, even fatal, medical complications
5. Typically affects young, European American women

Question 4

Bulimia Prevalence

Answer 4

.9% to 1.5% in women;

.1% to .5% in men

Question 5

Bulimia Description

Answer 5

Recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by purging

Question 6

Bulimia Associated Features

Answer 6

1. Weight is usually maintained within a normal range
2. Overconcern about body shape and weight
3. Binge/purge episodes may result in serious medical complications
4. Typically affects young European American women

Question 7

Binge-Eating Disorder Prevalence

Answer 7

3.5% in women

2% in men

Question 8

Binge-Eating Disorder Description

Answer 8

Recurrent binge eating without compensatory purging

Question 9

Binge-Eating Disorder Associated Features

Answer 9

1. Individuals with BED are frequently described as compulsive overeaters
2. Typically affects obese women who are older than those affected by anorexia or bulimia

Question 10

Emotional Factors

Answer 10

1. Young women with bulimia often have more emotional problems and lower self-esteem than other dieters
2. Anxiety and depression can trigger episodes of binge eating
3. Bulimia is often part of a dual diagnosis (with depression, ocd, or substance abuse)
4. Women with bulimia are more likely than other women to experience childhood sexual and physical abuse

Question 11

Learning Perspectives

Answer 11

1. Conceptualize eating disorder as a type of weight phobia
2. Relief from anxiety acts as a negative reinforcement
   3.

Question 12

eating disorders typically begin…

Answer 12

during adolescence or early adulthood when pressures to be thin are the strongest

Anorexia nervosa usually develops between 12 and 18
Bulimia nervosa typically affects women in late adolescence or early adulthood

Question 13

Two subtypes of anorexia nervosa

Answer 13

binge eating/purging type: frequent episodes (during the prior 3 month period) of binge eating or purging; tend to have difficulties related to impulse control (may involve substance abuse or stealing as well); tend to alternate between rigid control and impulsive behavior

restrictive type: no bingeing or purging episodes; tend to rigidly (obsessively) control their diet and appearance

Question 14

Medical complications of Anorexia nervosa (dermatological problems, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, menstrual, growth)

Answer 14

as much as 35% body weight loss may occur
anemia
Dermatological: dry cracking skin, fine hair, yellow discoloration
Cardiovascular: heart irregularities, hypotension, dizziness
Gastrointestinal: constipation, abdominal pain, obstruction or paralysis of bowels or intestines
Menstrual: amenorrhea
Growth: muscular weakness and abnormal growth of bones; loss of heigh, osteoporosis
Increase risk of death from suicide or malnutrition

Question 15

medical complications of Bulimia nervosa

from vomiting, laxatives, bingeing

Answer 15

Vomiting: skin irritation around mouth; blockage of salivary ducts; tooth enamel decay, cavities, taste receptor
damage->less sensitive to taste of vomit->maintain purging behavior; abdominal pain,

Laxatives: bloody diarrhea; laxative dependency

Bingeing: (on salty food) convulsions, swelling

General: potassium deficiency->muscular weakness, cardiac irregularities, sudden death, amenorrhea

Question 16

Treatment for Anorexia

Answer 16

May involve hospital in severe cases, placed on a refeeding program

Behavior Therapy: most common, rewards are contingent on following the refeeding program

Family Therapy, Group Therapy, and Psychodynamic therapy also helpful

Relapse common, 50% of inpatients return within a year

Question 17

Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Bulimia

Answer 17

Challenges self-defeating and dichotomous thinking

Challenges overemphasizing appearance in self worth

Exposure with response prevention: person eats forbidden foods while therapist watches over to prevent vomiting

Question 18

Other Treatments for Bulimia

Answer 18

IPT focuses on resolving interpersonal problems

Prozac decreases urge to binge by normalizing serotonin