Ch. 1 Flashcards
Phlegm
A lethargic or sluggish person was believed to have an excess of phlegm, from which we derive the word phlegmatic.
Too much black bile
An overabundance of black bile was believed to cause depression, or melancholia
Excess of blood
An excess of blood created a sanguine disposition: cheerful, confident, and optimistic.
Excess of yellow bile
An excess of yellow bile made people ÒbiliousÓ and choleric, quick-tempered, that is.
Jean-Baptiste Pussin and Philippe Pinel
In the late 18th and early 19th centuries argued that people who behave abnormally suffer from diseases and should be treated humanely.
Pinel (1745-1826)
Became medical director for the incurablesÕ ward at La Bictre in 1793 and continued the humane treatment Pussin had begun.
Dorothea Dix (1802-1887)
A Boston schoolteacher, traveled about the country decrying the deplorable conditions in the jails and almshouses where mentally disturbed people were placed. As a result of her efforts, 32 mental treating people with psychological disorders were established hospitals devoted to throughout the United States.
Wilhelm Griesinger (1817–1868)
argued that abnormal behavior was rooted in diseases of the brain.
Emil Kraepelin (1856–1926)
likened mental disorders to physical diseases
Griesinger & Kraepelin
Griesinger and Kraepelin paved the way for the modern
medical model, which attempts to explain abnormal
behavior on the basis of underlying biological defects
or abnormalities, not evil spirits.
Dementia praecox
The term given by Kraepelin to the disorder now called schizophrenia.
Jean-Martin Charcot (1825–1893)
- experimented with the use of hypnosis in treating hysteria, a condition characterized by paralysis or numbness that cannot be explained by any underlying physical cause.
- Among those who attended Charcot’s demonstrations was a young Austrian physician named Sigmund Freud (1856–1939).
Psychodynamic model
The theoretical model of Freud and his followers, in which abnormal behavior is viewed as the product of clashing forces within the personality.
Sociocultural theorists
Sociocultural theorists believe the causes of abnormal behavior may be found in the failures of society rather than in the person.
Biopsychosocial model
- An integrative model for explaining abnormal in terms of the interactions of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors.
- Perspectives on psychological disorders provide a framework not only for explanation but also for treatment.
