Ch 9: Cellular Respiration

Question 1

ATP

Answer 1

Consistes of 3 phosphate groups, ribose( 5C sugar), adenine

Question 2

Adenine

Answer 2

Important in ATP, DNA, RNA

(Guanine= important in GTP, DNA, RNA)

(Thymine= important in TTP, DNA, RNA)

(Cytosine = important in CTP, DNA, RNA)

Question 3

ATP hydrolyzed

Answer 3

Energy released

Producing ADP and inorganic phosphate, energy

Highly exergonic

Question 4

Phosphorylation

Answer 4

Leads to shape change. Even small change can affect protein activity

Question 5

Pellagra

Answer 5

Deficiency of niacin (vitamin b3, nicotinic acid)

Question 6

Glycolysis

Answer 6

Occurs in cytosol

Uses 2 ATP

Comes out: 4 ATP (net production of 2 ATP), 2NADH, pyruvate

Question 7

feedback inhibition

Answer 7

Presence of product inhibits enzyme 1

Type of allosteric inhibition

Question 8

If electron acceptor (O2) present

Answer 8

Keeps cycle then to electron transport chain

Question 9

If electron acceptor (O2) not present

Answer 9

Fermentation

Question 10

Krebs cycle hypothesis

Answer 10

Pyruvate emerges mitochondria by means of special transport protein in membrane = active process

Uses ATP

Question 11

Citrate (first thing pyruvate interacts with in krebs)

Answer 11

Most reduced

Question 12

Oxaloacetate (last thing pyruvate interacts with in krebs)

Answer 12

Most oxidized

Question 13

Coenzyme A

Answer 13

Transfers acetyl group to oxaloacetate

Question 14

All 8 of Krebs cycle rxns occur

Answer 14

In mitochondrial matrix, outside cristae

Question 15

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

Answer 15

B/w pyruvate and acetyl CoA

Large complex enzyme

Located at the inner mitochondrial membrane

Made up of 3 enzymes and 5 cofactors (thiamin, niacin, pantothenic acid)

Question 16

Krebs cycle

Answer 16

Produces: 2 ATP, 4CO2, 6NADH,2FADH2

Inputs: 2 Acetyl CoA

Question 17

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 17

2 NADH from glucolysis

2NADH from pyruvate processing

6NADH and 2 FADH2 from Krebs cycle

All electrons go to electron transport chain if O present

Question 18

Electron transport chain occurs

Answer 18

Inner membrane mitochondrial (membranes of cristae)

Question 19

Electron transport chain: works

Answer 19

NADH goes to FMN (protein with flavin contains group)

FADH2 goes to Fe•S which then goes to ubiquinone

Ubiquinone passes electrons to cytochromes (protein with heme group)

Keeps passing which then passes electrons to Oxygen

Question 20

Cytochromes

Answer 20

Have heme groups(metal) which readily and reversibly oxidized and reduced. (Bind and give up e-)

Question 21

Chemiosomotic hypothesis

Answer 21

Linkage indirect ETC creates a proton motive force that drives ATP

H+ important in ETC

Question 22

Null hypothesis

Answer 22

Linkage indirect, ETC does not produce a proton motive force that drives ATP synthase

No ATP will be produced

Question 23

ETC:

Answer 23

Outputs: H2O, 26 ADP/ ATP

Question 24

Fermentation

Answer 24

Allow cells to regenerate NAD+ for glycolysis

Input: 2ADP 2NAD+

Output: 2ATP, 2NADH

NAD + and NADH occur in cycle regenerate

Intermediate accepts electrons from NADH

Question 25

Alcohol fermentation

Answer 25

Occurs in yeast:

2CO2 produced, and ethanol produced

Question 26

Lactic acid fermentation

Answer 26

Occurs in humans:

No intermediates, pyruvate accepts electrons from NADH

2 Lactate produced