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Bio 100 > Ch 10: Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Ch 10: Photosynthesis Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Light dependent reactions:

A

Use sunlight,

Occur in thylakoids

Input: H2O

Output: O2, ATP, NADPH

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2
Q

Light independent reactions

A

Doesn’t need sunlight: Calvin Cycle

Occur in stroma

Input: CO2, ATP, NADPH, water

Output: Chemical energy, ADP, NADP+, glucose.

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3
Q

Carotenoids

A

Act to “quench” free radicals by accepting or stabilizing unpaired electrons

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4
Q

Chlorophylls absorb:

A

Blue and red light and transmit green light

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5
Q

Carotenoids absorb:

A

Blue and green light and transmit yellow, orange, red light

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6
Q

Paper chromatography

A

Isolating pigments: grind leaves, pigment molecules move from leaves into solvent

Spot pigments on filter paper

Seperate pigments in solvent

= carotene, pheophytin, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids

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7
Q

Action spectrum

A

Pigments that absorb blue and red photons are the most effective at triggering photosynthesis.

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8
Q

Fluorescence

A

Election drops back down to lower energy level; heat and flouorescence are emitted

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9
Q

Resonance

A

Energy in electron is transferred to nearby pigments

Chlorophyll molecules transmit energy from excited electrons in antenna complex to a reaction center

Chlorophyll and b carotene in antenna complex

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10
Q

Reduction/oxidation

A

Electron transferred to a new compound

Reaction center to electron accepter

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11
Q

Photosystem 2

A

Excited electrons feed an electron transport chain

Pheophytin (electron accepted) to Plastoquinone to cytochrome complex

Input: H2O

Output: oxygen, protons, ATP( via proton motive force),

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12
Q

Photosystem 2 and the cytochrome complex located

A

In the thylakoid membranes

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13
Q

Photosystem 1,2 ATP synthase and cytochrome complex

A

Found in thylakoid membrane,

No exact order

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14
Q

Null hypothesis of photosynthesis

A

When wavelength are combined the rate of photosynthesis will lot be double the maximum rate observed for each wavelength independently

^ true

Wavelengths more than doubles the rate of photosynthesis

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15
Q

Z scheme

A

Photosystem 2, pheophytin, plastoquinone, cytochrome complex, plastocyanine, photosystem 1, ferredoxin.

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16
Q

Photosystem 1,

A

Chlorophyll to ferredoxin (electron transport chain) to plastoquinone and repeat

Input: 2 photons, 2 electrons, NADP+, H+

Output: NADPH

17
Q

What intermediates are produced as carbon dioxide is reduce to sugar?

A

No hypthesis and no prediction

results: 3 phosphoglucerate is first intermediate product. Other intermediates appear later.

18
Q

Calvin cycles three phases occur

A

In the stroma of chloroplasts

19
Q

Fixation (first step of Calvin cycle)

A

3RuBP + 3CO2 —> 6 3-phosphoglycerate (3 carbon)

20
Q

Reduction of 3-phosphoglycerate to G3P

A

6 3-phosphoglycerate + 6 ATP + 6 NADPH —> 6 G3P + 6ADP + 6 Pi+ 6 NADP+ + 6 H+

  • 1 G3P goes to creating glucose
21
Q

Regeneration of RuBp from G3P

A

5G3P + 3 ATP —> 3 RuBP (5 carbon sugar) + 3 ADP + 3 Pi

22
Q

Rubisco

A

Slow enzyme,

Slowness may be why there is so much in a plant ( 10%)

23
Q

during photosynthesis

A

Rubisco catalyze Reaction with CO2

RuBP + CO2—> 2 3-phosphoglycerate

Used in Calvin clycle

24
Q

During Photorespiration

A

Rubisco catalyze Reaction with oxygen

RuBP+ O2–> 1-3 phosphoglucerate (used in Calvin) + 1 2- phosphoglycerate( CO2 released and ATP used)

25
Q

Stomata

A

How CO2 is delivered to Rubisco

26
Q

C3 plants

A

RuBP + CO2-(rubisco)—> 2 3-phosphoglycerate

CO2 first found as a 3 carbon sugar

27
Q

C4 plants

A

3- carbon compound + CO2 –(PEP carboxylase)—> 4-carbon organic acids

Initially lacked CO2 to a 3-Carbon molecule and end up creating an organic acid that has 4 carbons

28
Q

Mesophyll cells contain

A

PEP (C4 cycle)

29
Q

Bundle sheath cells contain

A

rubisco (Calvin cycle)

30
Q

C4 vs CAM

C4 plants

A

CO2 temporarily stored in another cell in the form of organic acid

31
Q

C4 vs CAM

CAM

A

CO2 taken up when the environment is cool and stored temporarily as an organic acid in the same cell

Course crude thick plants

CO2 stored at night

Bio 100 (6 decks)

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