Ch 9 Biotech and DNA Technology

Question 1

Biotechnology

Answer 1

the use of microorganisms, cells, or cell components to make a product

Question 2

Recombinant DNA Technology

Answer 2

aka genetic engineering

the insertion or modification of genes to produce desired proteins

Question 3

Vector

Answer 3

self-replicating DNA used to carry the desired gene to a new cell

Question 4

Clone

Answer 4

a population of cells arising from one cell, each carries the new gene

Question 5

Natural Selection

Answer 5

organisms with characteristics that enhance survival are more likely to survive and reproduce than are variants that lack desirable traits

Question 6

Selection

Answer 6

culture a naturally occurring microbe that produces a desired product

Question 7

Mutation

Answer 7

mutagens cause mutations that might result in a microbe with a desirable trait

Question 8

Site directed mutagenesis

Answer 8

change a specific DNA code to change a protein

Question 9

Restriction Enzymes

Answer 9

• cut specific sequence of DNA
• destroy bacteriophage DNA in bacterial cells
• cannot digest host DNA with methylated cytosines
• can produce “blunt” or “sticky” ends

Question 10

Vectors

Answer 10

carry new DNA to desired cell

Question 11

Shuttle Vectors

Answer 11

• plasmids that are capable of existing in several different species
• can be used to move cloned DNA sequences among organisms

Question 12

Plasmids and Viruses can

Answer 12

be used as vectors

Question 13

PCR

Answer 13

to make multiple copies of a piece of DNA enzymatically

Question 14

PCR is used to

Answer 14

• clone DNA for recombination
• amplify DNA to detectable levels
• sequence DNA
• diagnose genetic disease
• detect pathogens

Question 15

DNA can be inserted into a cell by

Answer 15

• electroporation
• transformation
• microinjection
• gene gun
• protoplast fusion

Question 16

Electroporation

Answer 16

an electrical current is used to form microscopic pores in the membranes of cells and the DNA enters thru the pores

Question 17

Transformation

Answer 17

a procedure during which cells can take up DNA from the surrounding environment

Question 18

Microinjection

Answer 18

a glass micropipette is used to puncture the plasma membrane and DNA injected thru it

Question 19

Gene gun

Answer 19

used to shoot DNA thru thick cellulose walls of plants

Question 20

Protoplast Fusion

Answer 20

used to create hybrid plants

Question 21

Genomic Library

Answer 21

made of pieces of an entire genome stored in plasmids or phages

Question 22

Synthetic DNA

Answer 22

made by synthesis machine

Question 23

Gene Silencing

Answer 23

naturally occurring process that defends against viruses and transposons ( a small piece of DNA that inserts itself into another place in the genome)