Ch 9: Attitudes, emotions, and work

Question 1

John, in a meeting with his boss, was elated to hear that the president of the company was impressed with his contribution. However, when he left the meeting and was sitting in his office, John began to experience feelings of anger. What theory would most support John’s circumstances?

a. Nine-factor theory
b. Facet satisfaction theory
c. Dissatisfaction theory
d. Opponent process theory

Answer 1

d. Opponent process theory

Question 2

All of the following are true of the Job Descriptive Index except:

a. It includes a separate overall satisfaction measure.
b. It doesn’t provide much information about issues like independence.
c. The actual questionnaire is fairly short.
d. It assesses satisfaction with five distinct areas of work.

Answer 2

c. The actual questionnaire is fairly short.

Question 3

_______________ is related to the work that individuals do, while ________________concerns whether employees are satisfied with aspects such as pay or benefits.

a. Extrinsic satisfaction; intrinsic satisfaction
b. Intrinsic satisfaction; extrinsic satisfaction
c. Facet satisfaction; extrinsic satisfaction
d. Extrinsic satisfaction; facet satisfaction

Answer 3

b. Intrinsic satisfaction; extrinsic satisfaction

Question 4

Sharon, a manager at Solar Corp., has noticed that one of her employees has become listless on the job, often putting minimal effort into simple projects. Sharon has spoken to the employee, but the employee has displayed a general unwillingness to change. The employee is most likely experiencing:

a. resigned work satisfaction.
b. constructive work dissatisfaction.
c. boredom with his/her tasks.
d. a reduced interest in success.

Answer 4

a. resigned work satisfaction.

Question 5

___________ are generalized feeling states that are not intense enough to interrupt ongoing work, whereas ____________ are normally associated with specific events or occurrences.

a. Emotions; Moods
b. Moods; Emotions
c. Feelings; Moods
d. Moods; Feelings

Answer 5

b. Moods; Emotions

Question 6

hich of the following statements is incorrect concerning affectivity?

a. Positive people tend to be more satisfied with their jobs than negative people.
b. Affectivity as measured in adolescence predicts later job satisfaction.
c. Neuroticism is often referred to as positive affectivity.
d. Job satisfaction and affectivity have reciprocal influences on each other.

Answer 6

c. Neuroticism is often referred to as positive affectivity.

Question 7

All of the following are elements of core evaluations except:

a. Locus of control
b. Self-efficacy
c. Stimuli observation
d. Absence of neuroticism

Answer 7

c. Stimuli observation

Question 8

Organizational commitment includes all of the following elements except:

a. A desire to contribute positively to the work-life of others.
b. Acceptance and belief in an organization’s values.
c. A strong desire to remain in the organization.
d. A willingness to exert effort on behalf of the organization.

Answer 8

a. A desire to contribute positively to the work-life of others.

Question 9

All of the following are reasons why the effects of unemployment are complex except:

a. There are fewer decisions to make since there is little to decide about.
b. The loss of work reduces income and daily variety.
c. There is a suspension of the typical goal setting that guides day to day activity.
d. New skills are developed while current skills begin to atrophy.

Answer 9

d. New skills are developed while current skills begin to atrophy.

Question 10

Multiple roles for both men and women enhance feelings of well-being through all of the following mechanisms except:

a. Success in one role can buffer the effects of failure in another role.
b. Multiple roles increase the opportunity for social support.
c. Multiple roles allow an individual to focus more on work success.
d. Multiple roles increase an individual’s cognitive complexity.

Answer 10

c. Multiple roles allow an individual to focus more on work success.

Question 11

Positive attitude or emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one’s job or job experience.

Answer 11

Job satisfaction

Question 12

A change in behavior or attitudes that was the simple result of increased attention.

Answer 12

Hawthorne effect

Question 13

Relatively stable feelings or beliefs that are directed toward specific persons, groups, ideas, jobs, or other objects.

Answer 13

Attitudes

Question 14

Overall assessment of job satisfaction that results either from mathematically combining scores based on satisfaction with specific important aspects of work or a single overall evaluative rating of the job.

Answer 14

Overall satisfaction

Question 15

Information related to specific facets or elements of job satisfaction.

Answer 15

Facet satisfaction

Question 16

One of the most extensively researched and documented job satisfaction instruments; assesses satisfaction with five distinct areas: the work itself, supervision, people, pay, and promotion.

Answer 16

Job Descriptive Index (JDI)

Question 17

A commonly used job satisfaction instrument that assesses particular aspects of work (e.g., achievement, ability utilization) as well as scores for extrinsic satisfaction and intrinsic satisfaction.

Answer 17

Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ)

Question 18

Satisfaction that derives from aspects central, or intrinsic, to the job itself, such as responsibility.

Answer 18

Intrinsic satisfaction

Question 19

Satisfaction that derives from aspects extrinsic, or external, to job tasks, such as pay or benefits.

Answer 19

Extrinsic satisfaction

Question 20

Psychological and emotional attachment an individual feels to a relationship, an organization, a goal, or an occupation.

Answer 20

Commitment

Question 21

An emotional attachment to an organization.

Answer 21

Affective commitment

Question 22

Perceived cost of leaving an organization.

Answer 22

Continuance commitment

Question 23

An obligation to remain in an organization.

Answer 23

Normative commitment

Question 24

Commitment to a particular occupational field; includes affective, continuance, and normative commitment.

Answer 24

Occupational commitment

Question 25

The many and varied types of commitment that individuals feel toward co-workers, teams, organizations, and careers.

Answer 25

Job embeddedness

Question 26

The process whereby individuals derive a feeling of pride and esteem from their association with an organization. Individuals may also take pains to distance themselves from the organization for which they work—this would be called organizational disidentification.

Answer 26

Organizational identification (OID)

Question 27

Kreiner and Ashforth (2004) have suggested four variations of identification:

Answer 27

Identification.
Disidentification.
Ambivalent identification.
Neutral identification.

Question 28

Identification.

Answer 28

Individuals define themselves in terms of the attributes of the organization.

Question 29

Disidentification.

Answer 29

Individuals define themselves as not having the attributes of the organization.

Question 30

Ambivalent identification.

Answer 30

Individuals identify with some attributes of the organization but reject other aspects.

Question 31

Neutral identification.

Answer 31

Individuals remain aggressively neutral, neither identifying nor disidentifying with the attributes of an organization (e.g., “I don’t take sides, I just do my job”).

Question 32

A positive work-related state of mind that includes high levels of energy, enthusiasm, and identification with one’s work.

Answer 32

Employee engagement

Question 33

Generalized state of feeling not identified with a particular stimulus and not sufficiently intense to interrupt ongoing thought processes

Answer 33

Mood

Question 34

An effect or feeling, often experienced and displayed in reaction to an event or though and accompanied by physiological changes in various system of the body

Answer 34

Emotion

Question 35

Figure in which opposite emotions appear directly across from each other in the circle.

Answer 35

Affect circumplex

Question 36

Reaction that results from consideration of the tasks one is currently doing.

Answer 36

Process emotion

Question 37

Reaction that results from a consideration of the tasks one anticipates doing.

Answer 37

Prospective emotion

Question 38

Reaction that results from a consideration of the tasks one has already completed.

Answer 38

Retrospective emotion

Question 39

Disposition wherein individuals are prone to experience a diverse array of negative mood states (e.g., anxiety, depression, hostility, and guilt).

Answer 39

Negative affectivity (NA)

Question 40

Disposition in which individuals are prone to describe themselves as cheerful, enthusiastic, confident, active, and energetic.

Answer 40

Positive affectivity (PA)

Question 41

Assessments that individuals make of their circumstances; elements of core evaluations include self-esteem, self-efficacy, locus of control, and the absence of neuroticism.

Answer 41

Core self-evaluations

Question 42

Absenteeism, turnover, tardiness, and retirement may be different manifestations of a larger construct called withdrawal.

Answer 42

Withdrawal behaviors

Question 43

Action that represents an attempt by the individual to withdraw from work but maintain ties to the organization and the work role; includes lateness and absenteeism.

Answer 43

Work withdrawal

Question 44

Action that represents an individual’s willingness to sever ties to an organization and the work role; includes intentions to quit or retire.

Answer 44

Job withdrawal

Question 45

A progression of withdrawal behaviors that start with tardiness, increase to absenteeism, and eventually result in a decision to quit or retire.

Answer 45

Progression hypothesis

Question 46

Accomplishing work tasks from a distant location using electronic communication media.

Answer 46

Telecommuting

Question 47

Area of research that investigates whether the satisfaction that one experiences at work is in part affected by the satisfaction that one experiences in non-work, and vice versa.

Answer 47

Work–family balance

Question 48

Beliefs that people hold regarding terms of an exchange agreement between themselves and the organization.

Answer 48

Psychological contracts