Ch 1: Intro Flashcards
Which of the following is not one of the three major concentrations of I-O psychology?
a. personnel psychology
b. industrial technology
c. human engineering
d. organizational psychology
b. industrial technology
Motivation, stress, leadership, and teamwork are addressed by:
a. personnel psychology
b. industrial technology
c. human engineering
d. organizational psychology
d. organizational psychology
The Hawthorne studies were used to examine the effects of:
a. revery obsession
b. mass group testing
c. manipulating workplace lighting
d. time and motion
c. manipulating workplace lighting
I-O psychology is defined as:
a. the influence of an individual’s personality on work and non-work behaviors.
b. the application of psychological principles, theory, and research to the work setting.
c. the concept of contextual work and organizational citizenship behavior.
d. the study of ways to maximize productivity .
b. the application of psychological principles, theory, and research to the work setting.
All of the following studies examined productivity in the workplace except:
a. time and motion
b. revery obsession
c. Hawthorne studies
d. Stanford-Binet
d. Stanford-Binet
When individuals from different geographic locations work together, it is known as:
a. telecommuting
b. virtual teams
c. digitization
d. welfare-to-work
b. virtual teams
An expatriate is:
a. the distribution of emotional roles between genders
b. a manager or professional assigned to work abroad
c. a culture that minimizes distances between individuals
d. a culture that depends on the distances between individuals
b. a manager or professional assigned to work abroad
Which of the following countries has a collectivist culture?
a. United States
b. German
c. Japan
d. France
c. Japan
Which of the following is not one of the dimensions in Hofstede’s theory of culture?
a. power distance
b. uncertainty avoidance
c. conscientiousness
d. masculinity/femininity
c. conscientiousness
The “West versus the Rest” mentality refers to the:
a. degree to which individuals are expected to look after themselves versus the group.
b. degree to which members of a culture feel comfortable in unpredictable situations.
c. extent of immediate versus delayed gratification of members of a culture.
d. tendency to apply American theories to non-American situations.
d. tendency to apply American theories to non-American situations.
The application of psychological principles, theory, and research to the work setting.
Industrial organisational psychology
Field of psychology that addresses issues such as recruitment, selection, training, performance, appraisal, promotion, transfer, and termination
Personnel Psychology
Practices such as recruitment, selection, retention, training, and development of people in order to achieve individual and organizational goals.
Human resources
Field of psychology that combines research from social psychology and organizational behavior and addresses the emotional and motivational side of work.
Organizational psychology
The study of the capacities and limitations of humans with respect to a particular environment.
Human engineering or human factors psychology
A model that uses scientific tools and research in the practice of I-O psychology.
Scientist practitioner model
Program that requires individuals to work in return for government subsidies.
Welfare-to-work program
Accomplishing work tasks from a distant location using electronic communication media.
Telecommuting
Team that has widely dispersed members working together toward a common goal and linked through computers and other technology.
Virtual team
A well- known intelligence test designed for testing one individual at a time. Originally developed by Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon in 1905, the Binet–Simon test was updated starting in 1916 by Lewis Terman and colleagues at Stanford University, which led to the test’s current name
Stanford–Binet test
A movement based on principles developed by Frederick W. Taylor, who suggested that there was one best and most efficient way to perform various jobs.
Scientific Management
Studies that broke every action down into its constituent parts, timed those movements with a stopwatch, and developed new and more efficient movements that would reduce fatigue and increase productivity.
Time and motion studies
Australian psychologist Elton Mayo proposed that this mental state resulted from the mind-numbing, repetitive, and difficult work that characterized U.S. factories in the early 20th century, causing factory workers to be unhappy, prone to resist management attempts to increase productivity, and sympathetic to labor unions.
Revery obsession
Research done at the Hawthorne, Illinois, plant of the Western Electric Company that began as attempts to increase productivity by manipulating lighting, rest breaks, and work hours. This research showed the important role that workers’ attitudes played in productivity.
Hawthorne Studies
The results of the Hawthorne studies ushered in this movement, which focused on work attitudes and the newly discovered emotional world of the worker.
Human relations movement
A system in which individuals share meanings and common ways of viewing events and objects.
Culture
The tendency for researchers to develop theories relevant to U.S. situations, with less concern given to their applicability in other countries.
“West versus the Rest” mentality
Manager or professional assigned to work in a location outside of his or her home country.
Expatriate
A culture that values the group more than the individual.
Collectivist culture
A culture that values the individual more than the group.
Individualist culture
The degree to which individuals are expected to look after themselves versus remaining integrated into groups
Individualism/collectivism
A culture that minimizes distances between individuals.
Horizontal culture
A culture that accepts and depends upon distances between individuals.
Vertical culture
