Ch 9 Flashcards
Metabolism
Using nutrients for cell processes, growth, generation of energy, and elimination of wastes
Alimentation
The process of providing nutrition for the body
What 4 processes does the digestive system use
Ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination
Ingestion
The oral intake of substances into the body
Digestion
The mechanical and chemical conversion of food into substances that can eventually be absorbed by cells
Absorption
The process in which the digested
Food molecules pass through the lining of the small intestine into the blood or lymph capillaries
Elimination
The removal of undigested food particles
Defication
The elimination of wastes through the anus
3 main classes of nutrients
Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids
Enzymes
Agents that chemically break down specific sugars into simpler substances
Lactose
Milk sugar
Enzyme that breaks down lactose
Lactase
- ose
Sugar
- ase
Enzyme
The eventual product of the digestion of sugars as well as starchs
Glucose
The enzyme that breaks down protein
Protease, proteinase
The enzyme that breaks down lipids
Lipase
-ation
Action or process
Bil/i, chol/e
Bile
Cirrh/o
Orange- yellow
De-
Down, from, reversing
Glycos/o
Sugar
-orexia
Appetite
-pepsia
Digestion
Vag/o
Vagus nerve
Viscer/o
Viscera
The digestive tract can be called
The alimentary tract
Gastrointestinal
Pertaining to the stomach and intestines
Cheil/o
Lips
Dent/i, dent/o, odont/o
Teeth
Gingiv/o
Gums
Or/o, stomat/o
Mouth
Esophag/o
Esophagus
Gastr/o
Stomach
Enter/o, intestin/o
Intestines
Duoden/o
Doudenum
Jejun/o
Jejunum
ile/o
ileum
Col/o
Colon
The inability to communicate through speech, writing, or signs
Aphasia
Chronic dilation of the bronchi with a secondary infection involving the lower lung
Bronchiectasis
Material raised from inflamed membranes of the respiratory tract
Sputum
The sudden blocking of an artery by a foreign material
Embolism
The throat is the
Pharynx
A percutaneous lung biopsy
Removal of small bits of tissue by puncture of the suspected lesion through the skin
Effusion of fluid into the air spaces of the lungs
Pulmonary edema
Pneumoconiosis
A respiratory condition caused by inhalation of dust particles
Append/o
Appendix
Cec/o
Cecum
Sigmoid/o
Sigmoid colon
Proct/o
Anus or rectum
Rect/o
Rectum
An/o
Anus
Bronchiole
Bronchiol/o
What machine is used for prolonged artificial respiration
Ventilator
Anoxia
Deficiency of oxygen
Tracheotomy refers to
Incision of the windpipe through the skin and muscles of the neck overlaying it
Pancreat/o
Pancreas
Sail/o
Salivary glands
Barium swallow
An xray of the esophagus taken while the patient swallows a liquid barium suspension
Biliary tract
The pathway for bile to flow from the liver to the bile duct and into the duodenum
Biliary calculus
Gallstone
Jaundice
RUQ pain, obstruction, and inflammation of the gallbladder
Diebetes Mellitus (DM)
The result of resistance to insulin or lack of insulin secretion by the pancreas
-phagia
Eating
-uria
Urination
-dipsia
Thirst
Hypoglycemia
Abnormally low sugar in the blood, caused by the pancreas producing too much insulin
Obesity
Abnormal increase in the proportion of fat cells of the body. 20% above the normal weight
Emaciation
Excessive leanness caused by disease or lack of nutrition
Anorexia
Lack of appetite
Bulimia
Binge eating followed by induced vomiting
Malnutrition
Depletion of nutrients
Malabsorption
Improper absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream from the intestines
Canker sores
Ulcers, chiefly of the mouth and lips
Cheilitis
Inflammation of the lip
Glossitis
Inflammation of the tongue
Esophageal varices
A complex of enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus that are susceptible to hemorrage
Gastrocele
Herniation of the stomach
Hemorroids
Masses of veins in the anal canal that are unnaturally distended and lay outside the rectum
Cirrhosis
Chronic liver disease characterized by marked degeneration of liver cells
Anorexiant
An appetite-suppressing drug
Purgatives, cathartics
Strong medications used to promote full evacuation of the bowel, use in preparation for diagnostics procedures or surgeries.
Tongue
Gloss/o
Another term for the digestive tract
Alimentary tract
The pathway for bile flow from the liver to the bile duct and into the duodenum is called
Biliary tract
Drugs that produce vomiting
Emetics
This type of tube is used to feed patients when they cannot chew, ingest, or swallow food
Enteral
An excessive amount of acid in the stomach
Hyperacidity
Another name for a hiatal hernia
Gastrocele
Stoppage or delay in the passage of food through the intestine
Enterostasis
What class of nutrients is the basic source of energy for human cells
Carbohydrates
The contrast agent used to visualize the stomach and intestines
Barium
Examination of the abdominal cavity through incisions using a special endoscope is called
Laparoscopy
Use of high energy shock waves to to break up gallstones
Laser lithotripsy
Excision of small sacs in the intestinal tract, especially colon
Diverticulectomy
A lesion of the mucous membrane accompanied by the shedding of dead tissue
Ulcer
The irrigation or washing out of an organ
Lavage
Condition in which the skin, eyes, mucous membranes, and body fluids yellow
Jaundice
Branch of dentistry that specializes in the tissue that invests and supports the teeth
Periodontics
