Ch 14 Flashcards
Hyposecretion
Decreased hormone production
Endocrine system
Coordinates with the nervous system
Hypersecretion
Increased hormone production
Endocrine gland
Ductless gland that secretes directly into the bloodstream
Exocrine glands
Glands with ducts that open onto a body surface, for example sweat glands
Target organ
The organ that is directly affected by a gland
What two things trigger glands to release hormones
Hormones are released in response to the nervous system or in response to signals from the pituitary gland
Why is the Pituitary gland referred to as the “master gland”
It sends hormone signals to other glands that tell them to release hormones
What is another name for the pituitary gland
Hypophysis
Pineal gland
Shaped like a pinecone and attached to the posterior of the brain, believed to secrete the hormone melatonin
Thyroid gland
Front of the neck, consists of bilateral lobes connected by a narrow strip of thyroid tissue
Parathyroid glands
Near the thyroid and imbedded into it.
What organ are the Islets of Langerhans located by
Pancreas
Adrenal glands
On top of the kidneys, the structures that produce adrenaline
Name the 8 main glands
pituitary, adrenal, pancreas, thyroid, parathyroid, testes, ovaries, pineal,
Pancreat/o
Pancreas
Parathyroid/o
Parathyroid
Pituitar/o
Pituitary
Hypophys/o
Pituitary
Ren/o
Kidney
Thyr/o
Thyroid
-gen
Beginning
-physis
Growth
-tropic
Stimulate
-tropin
That which stimulates
Gigant/o
Giant
Myx/o
Mucus
Iod/o
Iodine
Andr/o
Male or masculine
Adrenaline
From adrenals, stimulates “fight or flight” response
Androgen
From testicles, development of masculine characteristics
Antidiuretic hormone
From the pituitary, suppresses urine formation
Cortizone
From the adrenals, important in regulation of body metabolism
Estrogen
From ovaries, during the menstrual cycle estrogen acts on the female genitalia to produce a suitable site for fertilization
Growth hormone
From the pituitary, stimulates growth and maintenance of size
Insulin
From the pancreas, regulates blood glucose by coordinating with other hormones
Thyroxine
From the thyroid, promotes cell metabolism
Protrusion of eyeballs is called what, and associated with what condition
Exophthalmos, hyperthyroidism
Goiter
Thyroid enlargement or mass
Diabetes insipidus
A disease where either there is a deficiency in antidiuretic hormone, or the kidneys don’t respond to ADH correctly
Acromegaly
Abnormal enlargement of the extremities if the skeleton: nose, jaw, fingers and toes
Adenoma
Tumor of a gland
Cretinism
Condition caused by congenital deficiency of thyroid secretion and marked by arrested physical and mental development
Dwarfism
Hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood
Gigantism
Condition in which a person reaches an abnormally large stature because of HGH hypersecretion
Hyperinsulinism
Excessive secretion of insulin by the pancreas, which causes hypoglycemia
Hyperparathyroidism
Increased activity of the parathyroid glands
Hypoglycemia
Abnormally low blood sugar
Hypopituitarism
Diminished activity of the pituitary gland
Myxedema
Condition resulting from hypofunction of the thyroid gland, characterized by dry, waxy swelling of the skin
Thyrotoxicosis
Morbid condition caused by excessive thyroid secretion
Hypophysectomy
Surgical removal of the pituitary gland
Adenectomy
Removal of a gland
Type 1 diabetes is controlled by diet, exercise and
Administration of insulin
Type 2 diabetes is controlled by diet, exercise and
Glucose-lowering agents
