ch 8 - vitamins Flashcards
fat soluble vitamins: stored in
liver and adipose cells
fat soluble vitamins: transport in blood requires
carrier
fat soluble vitamins: ___ protects against deficiencies
storage
water soluble vitamins: circulation
circulate easily in blood
water soluble vitamins: excess
excreted
water soluble vitamins: storage
no designated storage site
fat soluble vitamins
A D E K
water soluble vitamins
B1,2,3,6,12
pantothenic acid
biotin
folate
C
vitamins involved in energy metabolism
b complex vitamins
sources of thiamin
bread, pasta, rice
sources of riboflavin
dairy
niacin
chicken, salmon, meat
sources of b6
leafy greens, meat, nuts
t or f: Antioxidants─for example vitamins C, E, and A─donate a pair of electrons to the free radical to stabilize it.
false
. Antioxidants donate a___ ____to the free radical and then become oxidized
single electron
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) or free radicals formed in skeletal muscle cells by aerobic metabolism and from other sources have the potential to
damage DNA, cell membranes, and other cellular structures
vitamins involved in red blood cell function
b12, folate
vitamin associated anemias
pernicious anemia, megaloblastic anemia
vitamin a functions
vision, tissue growth and development
vitamin d functions
bone health, disease prevention
effects of food processing
nutrient loss, enrichment, fortication
thiamin coenzyme
TPP/TDP
thiamin biochemical pathway
decarboxylation of pyruvate and alpha ketoglutarate
riboflavin coenzyme
FMN, FAD
riboflavin biochemical pathway
numerous re dox rxns
niacin coenzyme
NADH/NAD, NADP/NADPH
niacin biochemical pathway
NAD and NADH transfer electrons in the ETC NADP and NADPH are involved in reduction reactions in many parts of the cell
vitamin b6 coenzyme
PLP
vitamin b6 biochemical pathway
needed for amino acid metabolism, including transamination, transferring and removing sulfur, cleavage, and synthesis
pantothenic acid coenzyme
component of acetyl co A
pantothenic acid biochemical pathway
critical intermediate compound in energy production
t or f: Vitamins are needed for a variety of physical functions, including growth and development, and energy metabolism.
true
t or f: All water-soluble vitamins are not toxic when consumed in excess and do not have an established tolerable upper limit.
false
t or f: If energy intake is in excess, vitamin intake is likely to be adequate.
false
t or f: The B vitamins act as coenzymes in the body.
true
t or f: All athletes should be screened at the time of their annual physical exam to determine vitamin D status.
true
t or f: Vitamins play a direct role in energy metabolism.
false
t or f: Because oxidative stress, or an increase in the production of free radicals, occurs with an increase in exercise intensity and duration, athletes should consume antioxidant supplements.
false
t or f: Vitamins can be significantly lost though food processing; however, processing can also add vitamins to food.
true
t or f: Athletes should first determine the amount of vitamins normally obtained from food, and then evaluate if they need to supplement.
true
t or f: Low caloric intake usually means low vitamin intake from food.
true
According to the current body of scientific research, what effect does exercise have on an athlete’s vitamin requirements?
increases the need slightly but supplementation not necessary
The intake of which vitamin is likely to be low in both sedentary and athletic populations?
vitamin d
The amount of energy (kcal) provided by the B-complex vitamins is:
none
Which of the following is true regarding athletes and the consumption of an adequate amount of vitamin A from food?
Vitamin A intake generally reflects fruit and vegetable intake.
High bioavailability refers to a compound that:
has a high degree of absorption and utilization.
