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A&P Test 3 > ch. 8 terms > Flashcards

ch. 8 terms Flashcards

1
Q

_______ are sites where 2 or more _____ meet

A

joints, bones

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2
Q

joints are classified by ________ and __________

A

structural and functional

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3
Q

the three types of structural components are based on what material binds the joints and whether a cavity is present, their names being: (F.C.S)
1. _____
2. ________
3. ________

A
  1. Fibrous
  2. Cartilaginous
  3. Synovial
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4
Q

the three types of functional components are based on the types of movement joint allows (S.A.D)
1. ___________
2. _________________
3. ____________

A
  1. Synarthroses
  2. Amphiarthroses
  3. Diarthroses
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5
Q

____________ are immovable joints

A

Synarthroses

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6
Q

___________ are slightly movable joints

A

Amphiarthroses

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7
Q

___arthroses are freely movable joints and the most common type of joint

A

di

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8
Q

f________ Joints occur where bones are joined by c_________ fibers of dense CT and there is ____ joint cavity

A

fibrous, collagen, no

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9
Q

s_______ are rigid, interlocking joints of skull that occur only between _______ of skull and allow for _______ during youth

A

sutures, bones, growth

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10
Q

s________________ occur where bones are connected by ligaments

A

syndesmoses

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11
Q

g____________ are peg-in-socket joints

A

gomphosis

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12
Q

c_______________ Joints occur where bones are united by cartilage, have ____ joint cavity and are only _______ movable

A

Cartilaginous, no, slightly

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13
Q

s__________ (with cartilage) is formed where a plate or bar of _________ cartilage unites bones almost all are __________ (immovable)

A

synchondrosis, hyaline, synarthrotic

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14
Q

s___________ is formed where fibrocartilage unites bone
1. Are c__________ and resilient
2. Act as s___________ absorber
3. Permit l________ amount of movement at the joint

A

symphysis, compressible, shock, limited

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15
Q

s__________ Joints = most common joint
*Bones separated by fluid-filled joint cavity and all synovial joints are
d_________ (freely movable)
*Synovial joints include almost all limb joints

A

synovial, diarthrotic

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16
Q

Synovial joints have six general features
1. a_______ cartilage
2. j_______ cavity
3. a______ capsule
4. s_______ fluid
5. n_____ and Blood vessels
6. Reinforcing ligaments

A

articular, joint, articular, synovial, nerves

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17
Q

a___________ cartilage consists of hyaline cartilage covering ends of bones

A

articular

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18
Q

___________ cavity is a feature unique to synovial joints
*Joint cavity is potential space filled with __________ fluid

A

joint, synovial

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19
Q

Articular capsule’s external fibrous layer
a) Dense _________ CT strengthens j_____
b) So b_______ are not pulled apart

A

irregular, joints, bones

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20
Q

Articular capsule’s inner synovial membrane
 a________ loose CT
 _s__________ membrane secretes synovial fluid
 Lines inside of cavity except where a______ (hyaline) cartilage

A

areolar, synovial, articular

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21
Q

Synovial fluid is derived from f__________ of blood
*Synovial fluid consist of viscous, slippery filtrate of p_______ that lubricates and nourishes a_________ cartilage
*Synovial fluid contains p___________ cells to remove microbes and debris
*Without Synovial fluid, rubbing would wear away joint surfaces and excessive f_____ would overheat and d_____ joint tissue

A

filtration, plasma, articular, phagocytic, friction, destroy

22
Q

Nerves
1. d______ pain
2. m_______ joint position and s_______ with proprioceptors

A

detect, monitor, stretch

23
Q

_____ vessels are in
1. Synovial membrane’s a______ CT
2. Capillary beds supply filtrate for s_______ fluid

A

blood vessels, areolar, synovial

24
Q

Other features of some synovial joints include fatty pads for cushioning and articular discs (m_______)
 Articular discs or Menisci are wedges of f____________ that
1. Improve “fit” of bone ends
2. s_________ joint
3. Reduce wear and tear

A

menisci, fibrocartilage, stabilize

25
Q

Bursae and t_______ Sheaths are “bags of lubricant” or synovial fluid that act as lubricating “ball bearing”

A

tendon

26
Q

Bursae and Tendon Sheaths are not strictly part of synovial joints but
associated with synovial joints, and they reduce f__________ between
adjacent structures and the joint activity

A

friction

27
Q

s________ of articular surface has a minor role
*s_______ surfaces are less stable than the deeper ball-and-socket

A

shape, shallow

28
Q

l_________ number and location has a limited role
*The ________ ligaments the stronger the joint

A

ligaments, more

29
Q

Muscle t_______ that cross the joint are kept under constant t_______ by Muscle tone

A

tendons, tension

30
Q

Whole muscle does NOT produce a_______ movement but keeps muscle firm and almost always slightly contracted to produce muscle t_____

A

active, tone

31
Q

Muscle tone pulls on tendons and helps s______ joints and m_______ posture
 Muscle tone keeps tendons taut and is extremely important in reinforcing
1. Shoulder joint
2. Knee joints
3. a_______ of the foot

A

stabilize, maintain, arches

32
Q
  1. Muscle’s o_______ = attachment of muscle to immovable bone
  2. Muscle’s i_______ = attachment of muscle to movable bone
A

origin, insertion

33
Q

g________ movements occur when one flat bone surface glides or slips over another similar surface with back and forth or side to side movement using plane joints

A

gliding

34
Q

a_______ movements increase or decrease the angle between two bones

A

angular

35
Q

Angular movements (F.E.H.A.A.C)
1. __________
2. __________
3. _____________
4. ______________
5. ____________
6. _______________

A

flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, circumduction

36
Q
  1. Flexion d______ the angle of the joint
  2. Extension i__________ the angle of the joint
  3. Hyperextension is movement b__________ the anatomical position
A

decreases, increases, beyond

37
Q
  1. Abduction is movement along frontal plane a______ from the midline
  2. Adduction is movement along frontal plane t_______ the midline
  3. Circumduction involves the d_____ end of the limb moving in a circle and the p__________ end remains stationary
A

away, toward, distal, proximal

38
Q

Rotation involves turning a bone around its own long a_____ toward the midline or away from the midline
*m_________ rotation is rotation toward the midline
*l________ rotation is rotation away from the midline

A

axis, medial, lateral

39
Q

*With s__________, the palms face anteriorly and the radius and ulna
are parallel
*With p____________, the palms face posteriorly and the radius rotates
over ulna
*p__________ provides a weaker movement and is the position of the
palms when standing in relaxed manner

A

supination, pronation, pronation

40
Q

*d___________ is the bending of the foot toward the shin
*p_______ flexion is the pointing of the toes downward

A

dorsiflexion, plantar

41
Q

i______ causes the sole of foot to face medially
*e_________ causes the sole of foot to face laterally

A

inversion, eversion

42
Q

*p________ causes the mandible to jut out
*r_______ causes the mandible to be pulled toward the neck

A

protraction, retraction

43
Q

*e_________ is the lifting of a body part superiorly
*d____________ is the lowering of a body part

A

elevation, depression

44
Q

o____________ is the movement of the thumb between Metacarpal 1
and Trapezium

Examples: touching the thumb to the tips of other fingers on
same hand or any grasping movement

A

opposition

45
Q

a________ cruciate ligament (ACL) attaches to anterior t_____ whereas the p__________ cruciate ligament (PCL) attaches to posterior t_____

A

anterior, tibia, posterior, tibia

46
Q

s_________ Joint is the most freely moving joint in body

A

shoulder

47
Q

b__________ involves inflammation of bursa caused by a blow or f_______ whereas t_____________ involves inflammation of tendon sheaths and is typically caused by o_______

A

bursitis, friction, tendonitis, overuse

48
Q

o_____________ = OA most common type of arthritis, “wear-and-tear”
degenerative arthritis

A

osteoarthritis

49
Q

r_________ arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory ___________ disease of unknown cause where the Immune system attacks the body’s own cells

A

Rheumatoid, autoimmune

50
Q

g______ arthritis results from the deposition of u______ acid crystals in joints and soft t______, followed by i_______
Gouty arthritis is more common in _____ and typically affects joint at
base of great toe

A

gouty, uric, tissues, inflammation, men

51
Q

functions of joints are to:
1. Give skeleton _______
2. Hold _________ tg

A

mobility, skeleton

A&P Test 3 (5 decks)

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