ch. 8 terms Flashcards
_______ are sites where 2 or more _____ meet
joints, bones
joints are classified by ________ and __________
structural and functional
the three types of structural components are based on what material binds the joints and whether a cavity is present, their names being: (F.C.S)
1. _____
2. ________
3. ________
- Fibrous
- Cartilaginous
- Synovial
the three types of functional components are based on the types of movement joint allows (S.A.D)
1. ___________
2. _________________
3. ____________
- Synarthroses
- Amphiarthroses
- Diarthroses
____________ are immovable joints
Synarthroses
___________ are slightly movable joints
Amphiarthroses
___arthroses are freely movable joints and the most common type of joint
di
f________ Joints occur where bones are joined by c_________ fibers of dense CT and there is ____ joint cavity
fibrous, collagen, no
s_______ are rigid, interlocking joints of skull that occur only between _______ of skull and allow for _______ during youth
sutures, bones, growth
s________________ occur where bones are connected by ligaments
syndesmoses
g____________ are peg-in-socket joints
gomphosis
c_______________ Joints occur where bones are united by cartilage, have ____ joint cavity and are only _______ movable
Cartilaginous, no, slightly
s__________ (with cartilage) is formed where a plate or bar of _________ cartilage unites bones almost all are __________ (immovable)
synchondrosis, hyaline, synarthrotic
s___________ is formed where fibrocartilage unites bone
1. Are c__________ and resilient
2. Act as s___________ absorber
3. Permit l________ amount of movement at the joint
symphysis, compressible, shock, limited
s__________ Joints = most common joint
*Bones separated by fluid-filled joint cavity and all synovial joints are
d_________ (freely movable)
*Synovial joints include almost all limb joints
synovial, diarthrotic
Synovial joints have six general features
1. a_______ cartilage
2. j_______ cavity
3. a______ capsule
4. s_______ fluid
5. n_____ and Blood vessels
6. Reinforcing ligaments
articular, joint, articular, synovial, nerves
a___________ cartilage consists of hyaline cartilage covering ends of bones
articular
___________ cavity is a feature unique to synovial joints
*Joint cavity is potential space filled with __________ fluid
joint, synovial
Articular capsule’s external fibrous layer
a) Dense _________ CT strengthens j_____
b) So b_______ are not pulled apart
irregular, joints, bones
Articular capsule’s inner synovial membrane
a________ loose CT
_s__________ membrane secretes synovial fluid
Lines inside of cavity except where a______ (hyaline) cartilage
areolar, synovial, articular
Synovial fluid is derived from f__________ of blood
*Synovial fluid consist of viscous, slippery filtrate of p_______ that lubricates and nourishes a_________ cartilage
*Synovial fluid contains p___________ cells to remove microbes and debris
*Without Synovial fluid, rubbing would wear away joint surfaces and excessive f_____ would overheat and d_____ joint tissue
filtration, plasma, articular, phagocytic, friction, destroy
Nerves
1. d______ pain
2. m_______ joint position and s_______ with proprioceptors
detect, monitor, stretch
_____ vessels are in
1. Synovial membrane’s a______ CT
2. Capillary beds supply filtrate for s_______ fluid
blood vessels, areolar, synovial
Other features of some synovial joints include fatty pads for cushioning and articular discs (m_______)
Articular discs or Menisci are wedges of f____________ that
1. Improve “fit” of bone ends
2. s_________ joint
3. Reduce wear and tear
menisci, fibrocartilage, stabilize
Bursae and t_______ Sheaths are “bags of lubricant” or synovial fluid that act as lubricating “ball bearing”
tendon
Bursae and Tendon Sheaths are not strictly part of synovial joints but
associated with synovial joints, and they reduce f__________ between
adjacent structures and the joint activity
friction
s________ of articular surface has a minor role
*s_______ surfaces are less stable than the deeper ball-and-socket
shape, shallow
l_________ number and location has a limited role
*The ________ ligaments the stronger the joint
ligaments, more
Muscle t_______ that cross the joint are kept under constant t_______ by Muscle tone
tendons, tension
Whole muscle does NOT produce a_______ movement but keeps muscle firm and almost always slightly contracted to produce muscle t_____
active, tone
Muscle tone pulls on tendons and helps s______ joints and m_______ posture
Muscle tone keeps tendons taut and is extremely important in reinforcing
1. Shoulder joint
2. Knee joints
3. a_______ of the foot
stabilize, maintain, arches
- Muscle’s o_______ = attachment of muscle to immovable bone
- Muscle’s i_______ = attachment of muscle to movable bone
origin, insertion
g________ movements occur when one flat bone surface glides or slips over another similar surface with back and forth or side to side movement using plane joints
gliding
a_______ movements increase or decrease the angle between two bones
angular
Angular movements (F.E.H.A.A.C)
1. __________
2. __________
3. _____________
4. ______________
5. ____________
6. _______________
flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, circumduction
- Flexion d______ the angle of the joint
- Extension i__________ the angle of the joint
- Hyperextension is movement b__________ the anatomical position
decreases, increases, beyond
- Abduction is movement along frontal plane a______ from the midline
- Adduction is movement along frontal plane t_______ the midline
- Circumduction involves the d_____ end of the limb moving in a circle and the p__________ end remains stationary
away, toward, distal, proximal
Rotation involves turning a bone around its own long a_____ toward the midline or away from the midline
*m_________ rotation is rotation toward the midline
*l________ rotation is rotation away from the midline
axis, medial, lateral
*With s__________, the palms face anteriorly and the radius and ulna
are parallel
*With p____________, the palms face posteriorly and the radius rotates
over ulna
*p__________ provides a weaker movement and is the position of the
palms when standing in relaxed manner
supination, pronation, pronation
*d___________ is the bending of the foot toward the shin
*p_______ flexion is the pointing of the toes downward
dorsiflexion, plantar
i______ causes the sole of foot to face medially
*e_________ causes the sole of foot to face laterally
inversion, eversion
*p________ causes the mandible to jut out
*r_______ causes the mandible to be pulled toward the neck
protraction, retraction
*e_________ is the lifting of a body part superiorly
*d____________ is the lowering of a body part
elevation, depression
o____________ is the movement of the thumb between Metacarpal 1
and Trapezium
Examples: touching the thumb to the tips of other fingers on
same hand or any grasping movement
opposition
a________ cruciate ligament (ACL) attaches to anterior t_____ whereas the p__________ cruciate ligament (PCL) attaches to posterior t_____
anterior, tibia, posterior, tibia
s_________ Joint is the most freely moving joint in body
shoulder
b__________ involves inflammation of bursa caused by a blow or f_______ whereas t_____________ involves inflammation of tendon sheaths and is typically caused by o_______
bursitis, friction, tendonitis, overuse
o_____________ = OA most common type of arthritis, “wear-and-tear”
degenerative arthritis
osteoarthritis
r_________ arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory ___________ disease of unknown cause where the Immune system attacks the body’s own cells
Rheumatoid, autoimmune
g______ arthritis results from the deposition of u______ acid crystals in joints and soft t______, followed by i_______
Gouty arthritis is more common in _____ and typically affects joint at
base of great toe
gouty, uric, tissues, inflammation, men
functions of joints are to:
1. Give skeleton _______
2. Hold _________ tg
mobility, skeleton
