ch. 10 terms Flashcards
Muscles can only _____; never ____
pull, push
_______ mover (agonist) is the muscle that has major responsibility for
producing a specific movement
prime
____________ opposes or reverses particular movement when prime mover is active
Antagonist
Prime mover and Antagonist are located on the ________ sides of the joint across which they act
opposite
______ helps prime mover by adding extra force to same movement and
reducing undesirable or unnecessary movement
Synergist called _________ when the synergist _________ the bone or
muscle’s origin
synergist, fixator, immobilizes
- Prime mover of _____ movement
- Antagonist for ______ movement
- Synergist for ______- movement
one, diff, third
How are Skeletal Muscles named?
1. Muscle ______
2. Muscle _____
3. Muscle ______
4. ______ of Muscle Fascicles
5. _____ of Origins
6. _______ of Attachments
7. Muscle ______
location, shape, size, direction, number, location, action
- Maximus (________)
- Medius (_______)
- Minimus (________)
- Longus (_____)
- Brevis (______)
largest, middle, smallest, long, short
- _____ = fibers run straight
- _____ = fibers run at right angles
- _____ = fibers run at angles to imaginary defined axis
rectus, transversus, oblique
- Biceps = _ origins
- Triceps = _ origins
- Quadriceps = _ origins
2, 3, 4
In Circular, fascicles arranged in concentric rings, generally surround
openings called _________
sphincters
In ________, fascicle arrangement has a broad origin
convergent
In _________, there are spindle-shaped muscles with parallel fibers and are thick in middle and tapered on each end
fusiform
In __________, short fascicles attach obliquely to a central tendon running
length of muscle
pennate
unipennate is ___, bipennate is __, multipennate is ____
1, 2, many
Muscle’s Fascicle arrangements determines a muscle’s _______ ___ ______ and the muscle’s power
range of motion
Muscle ______ depends on the total number of muscle _____ in a
muscle
power, fibers
___________ includes contraction of Diaphragm and contraction of
External intercostals m. whereas __________ includes ___________ of inspiratory muscles and contraction of internal intercostals m.
inspiration, expiration, relaxation
when a prime mover is active, antagonist muscles may remain r________ or may s________
relaxed, stretch
S_________ are muscles that aid the action of a prime mover by affecting the same movement or by stabilizing joints by which the prime mover acts, preventing undesirable movement, and they are the hormone that amplifies the effect of another hormone at a target cell
synergists
The end of bones are called the _________, and they are typically composed of ________ bone tissue covered by a layer of ________ (hyaline) cartilage, which allows for smooth joint movement; the area where the ________ meets the bone shaft (________) is called the metaphyses which contains the __________ plate and line
epiphysis, spongy, articular, epiphysis, diaphysis, epiphyseal
external or internal
compact bone:
spongy bone:
external, internal
the t______ shaft forms the long axis of a bone
tubular
long bones in body:
patella (knee), wrist, ankle, femur, tibia, ulna, radius, clavicle
location of flat bones:
sternum, shoulder blades, ribs, cranial and skull bones
location of irregular bones:
vertebrae, sacrum, mandible, ossicles, pubis, ilium, ischium
location of short bones:
carpal, tarsal, patella
order of microanatomy of muscle from small to large
myofilament, myofibrils, muscle fibers, fascicles, muscles
describe the microanatomy of a muscle from outside in (small 2 large)
starts out as a myofilament (which contain actin and myosin) and makes up myofibrils that are surrounded by sarcolemma, which make up muscle fibers (cells), which make up fascicles, which form muscles
endomysium is located
around individual muscle fibers
perimysium is (location)
surrounds fascicles
epimysium surrounds the
muscle
foramen means
hole
