ch 8:quality management gurus and their key contributions Flashcards
is a set of opinions and ideas for improving the quality of products or services, which widely called?.
Total quality management (TQM)
“management philosophy”
Its main aims are to satisfy customers and survive in the market.
Total quality management (TQM)
had the significant roles to expend and transform the concept of quality from a mere technical system to a broader body of knowledge know as total quality with management implications in production.
quality experts (gurus)
Guru means a?
“respected teacher”, “spiritual leader”, “good person”,
arise person who in his field has not only made a great contribution and innovation, but also a large-scale revolution.
Guru
People who have established themselves and profiled philosophical trend in quality, are?.
the gurus of quality
and he became known as the “father of statistical quality control.”
1.1.Walter Shewhart.
The Gurus
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1. Walter Shewhart
2. William Edwards Deming
3. Joseph M. Juran
4. Armand Feigenbaum
5. Philip B. Crosby
6. Kaoru Ishikawa
7. Genichi Taguchi
8. Taiichi Ohno and Shigeo Shingo
was a genuine pioneer in the field of quality control,
1.1.Walter Shewhart.
He developed control charts for analyzing the output of processes to determine when corrective action was necessary.
1.1.Walter Shewhart.
compiled a famous list of 14 points he believed were the prescription needed to achieve quality in an organization.
1.2.W. Edwards Deming.
he felt that it was management’s responsibility to correct the system to achieve the desired results.
1.2.W. Edwards Deming.
His message was that the cause of inefficiency and poor quality is the system, not the employees.
1.2.W. Edwards Deming.
In addition to the, he stressed the need to reduce variation in output (deviation from a standard), which can be accomplished by distinguishing between special causes of variation (i.e., correctable) and common causes of variation
1.2.W. Edwards Deming.
viewed quality as fitness-for-use.
1.3.Joseph M. Juran.
He also believed that roughly 80 percent of quality defects are management controllable; thus, management has the responsibility to correct this deficiency.
1.3.Joseph M. Juran.
He described quality management in terms of a trilogy consisting of quality planning, quality control, and quality improvement.
1.3.Joseph M. Juran.
is credited as one of the first to measure the cost of quality, and he demonstrated the potential for increased profits that would result if the costs of poor quality could be reduced.
1.3.Joseph M. Juran.
was instrumental in advancing the “cost of nonconformance” approach as a reason for management to commit to quality.
1.4.Armand Feigenbaum.
He recognized that quality was not simply a collection of tools and techniques, but a “total field.”
1.4.Armand Feigenbaum.
According to him, it is the customer who defines quality.
1.4.Armand Feigenbaum.
developed the concept of zero defects and popularized the phrase “Do it right the first time.”
1.5.Philip B. Crosby.
He stressed prevention, and he argued against the idea that “there will always be some level of defectives.”
1.5.Philip B. Crosby.
Among his key contributions were the development of the cause-and effect diagram (also known as a fishbone diagram) for problem solving and the implementation of quality circles, which involve workers in quality improvement.
1.6.Kaoru Ishikawa.
He was the first quality expert to call attention to the internal customer —the next person in the process, the next operation, within the organization.
1.6.Kaoru Ishikawa.
is best known for the loss function, which involves a formula for determining the cost of poor quality.
1.7.Genichi Taguchi.
The idea is that the deviation of a part from a standard causes a loss, and the combined effect of deviations of all parts from their standards can be large, even though each individual deviation is small.
1.7.Genichi Taguchi.
developed the philosophy and methods of kaizen, a Japanese term for continuous improvement (defined more fully later in this chapter), at Toyota.
1.8.Taiichi Ohno and Shigeo Shingo.
Continuous improvement is one of the hallmarks of successful quality management.
1.8.Taiichi Ohno and Shigeo Shingo.
continuous improvement
kaizen
is a designation given to a fixed set of graphical techniques identified as being most helpful in troubleshooting issues related to quality.
- Quality Tools
The Seven Basic Tools of Quality
The Seven Basic Tools of Quality
(enumerate)
- Cause and Effect Diagram
- Check Sheet
- Flow Diagram
- Pareto Analysis
- Histogram
- Run Chart
- Control Chart
One analysis tool is the Cause-and-Effect developed by who?
Kaoru Ishikawa developed them in 1943.
2.1.Cause and Effect Diagram
Cause-and-Effect diagram aka?
Fishbone diagram or Ishikawa diagrams
they resemble one with the long spine and various connecting branches.
Fishbone diagram
organizes and displays the relationships between different causes for the effect that is being examined. The major categories of causes are put on major branches connecting to the backbone, and various sub-causes are attached to the branches.
The fishbone chart
This chart helps organize the brainstorming process.
The fishbone chart
A tree-like structure results, showing the many facets of the problem.
The fishbone chart
The method for using this chart is to put the problem to be solved at the head, then fill in the major branches.
The fishbone chart
People, procedures, equipment and materials are commonly identified causes.
The fishbone chart
