ch 2: concepts of production management and operations management Flashcards
a. High variety of products and low volume.
Job Shop Manufacturing
b. Use of general-purpose machines and facilities
Job Shop Manufacturing
c. Highly skilled operations who can take up each
job as a challenge because of uniqueness,.
Job Shop Manufacturing
d. Large inventory of materials, tools, parts.
Job Shop Manufacturing
e. Detailed planning is essential for sequencing
the requirements of each product, capacities
for each work center and order priorities
Job Shop Manufacturing
a. Because of general purpose machines and facilities variety of products can be produced. b. Operators will become more skilled and competent, as each job gives them learning opportunities. c. Full potential of operators can be utilized. d. Opportunity exists for creative method and innovative ideas.
Job Shop Manufacturing
b. Operators will become more skilled and competent, as each job gives them learning opportunities.
Job Shop Manufacturing
c. Full potential of operators can be utilized. d. Opportunity exists for creative method and innovative ideas.
Job Shop Manufacturing
a. Higher cost due to frequent set up changes.
Job Shop Manufacturing
d. Large space requirement.
Job Shop Manufacturing
a. When there is shorter production runs.
Batch Manufacturing
b. Higher level of inventory at all levels and hence higher inventory cost.
Job Shop Manufacturing
c. Production planning is complicated.
Job Shop Manufacturing
b. When plant and machinery are flexible.
Batch Manufacturing
c. When plant and machinery set up is used for the production of item in a batch and change of set up is required for processing the next batch. d. When manufacturing lead time and cost are lower as compared to job order production
Batch Manufacturing
d. When manufacturing lead time and cost are lower as compared to job order production
Batch Manufacturing
a. Better utilization of plant and machinery.
Batch Manufacturing
c. Cost per unit is lower as compared to job order production.
Batch Manufacturing
b. Promotes functional specialization.
Batch Manufacturing
d. Lower investment in plant and machinery.
Batch Manufacturing
e. Flexibility to accommodate and process number of products.
Batch Manufacturing
f. Job satisfaction exists for operators.
Batch Manufacturing
a. Material handling is complex because of irregular and longer flows.
Batch Manufacturing
b. Production planning and control is complex.
Batch Manufacturing
c. Work in process inventory is higher compared to continuous production.
Batch Manufacturing
a. zero flexibility
Process Production
d. Higher set up costs due to frequent changes in set up.
Batch Manufacturing
b. no intervention(?)
Process Production
c. single product
Process Production
a. Unique, high-quality products are made.
Project Production
b. Workers are often motivated and take pride in their work
Project Production
act of either manufacturing or mining or growing of goods (commodities) generally in bulk for trade
PRODUCTION FUNCTION
c. Products are made according to individual customer needs and improve customer satisfaction
Project Production
b. Production can take a long time and can have higher production costs
Project Production
a. Very labor-intensive, so selling prices are usually higher
Project Production
d. Production is easy to organize.
Project Production
is a method employed for making or providing essential goods and services for consumers.
PRODUCTION FUNCTION
The step-by step conversion of one form or material into another form through manual, chemical, or mechanical process
PRODUCTION FUNCTION
Manufacturing of large quantities of standardized products at low cost per unit
Mass/Line Production
Converts inputs to provide outputs which are required by customers.
OPERATING SYSTEM
It is a value - added process
PRODUCTION FUNCTION
Process by which goods and services are created.
PRODUCTION FUNCTION
a process in which parts are assembled in an optimal order to create a finished product. Developed by the Ford Motor Company who implemented it into the creation of the Model -T
Mass/Line Production
Ray Wild defines operating system as, “An operating system is a configuration of resources combined for the provision of goods or services”.
OPERATING SYSTEM
Everett E. Adam & Ronald J. Ebert define operating system as, “An operating system (function) of an organization is the part of an organization that produces the organization’s physical goods and service”.
OPERATING SYSTEM
A Framework for Managing Operations
Planning, Organizing, Conversion Process
Differences bet. Manufacturing Operations and Service Operations
1.Degree of customer contact
2.Labor content of jobs
3.Measurement of productivity
4.Quality assurance
5.Inventory
6.Wages
7.Ability to Patent
Scope of Production and Operations Management
- Location of Facilities
- Plant Layout and Material Handling
- Product Design
- Process Design
- Production Planning & Controlling
- Quality Control
- Material Management
- Maintenance Management
is the process of identifying the best geographic location for a service or production facility. Location of plants should be based on the company’s expansion plan and policy, diversification for the products, changing sources of raw materials and many other factors.
Location of Facilities
Location of plants should be based on the company’s expansion plan and policy, diversification for the products, changing sources of raw materials and many other factors.
Location of Facilities
refers to the physical arrangement of facilities. It is the configuration of departments, work centers and equipment in the conversion process.
Plant layout
refers to the moving of materials from the storeroom to the machine and from one machine to the next during the process of manufacture. It is also defined as the art and science of moving, packing and storing of products in any form.
Material Handling
It is also defined as the art and science of moving, packing and storing of products in any form.
Material Handling
Developing the new products and launching them in market is the biggest challenge faced by the organizations. The entire process of need identification to physical manufacturers of product involves three functions: marketing, product development, and manufacturing.
Product design
deals with conversion of ideas into reality.
Product design
is a macroscopic decision-making of an overall process route for converting the raw material into finished goods.
Process Design
These decisions encompass the selection of a process, choice of technology, process flow analysis and layout of the facilities.
Process Design
can be defined as the process of planning the production in advance, setting the exact route of each item, fixing the starting and finishing dates for each time, to give production orders to shops and to follow up the progress of products according to orders.
Production Planning & Controlling
‘First Plan Your Work and then Work on Your Plan’
Production Planning & Controlling
is deciding in advance what to do, how to do it, when to do it and who to do it and who is to do it. Planning bridges the gap from where we are, to where we want to go. It makes possible for things to occur which would not otherwise happen.
Planning
may be defined as the selection of path which each part of the product will follow, which being transformed from raw materials to finished products. Routing determines the most advantageous path to be followed from department to department and machine to machine till raw materials gets its final shape.
Routing
determines the program for the operations. Scheduling may be defined as ‘the fixation of time and date for each operation’ as well as it determines the sequence of operations to be followed.
Scheduling
is concerned with starting the processes. It gives authority so as to start a particular work, which has already been planned under the ‘Routing’ and ‘Scheduling’. Therefore, dispatching is ‘release of orders and instruction for the starting of production for any item in acceptance with the route sheet and schedule charts’.
Dispatching
this has function of reporting the daily progress of work in each shop in a prescribed preformat and to investigate the causes of deviations from the planned performance.
Follow-up,
may be defined as ‘a system that is used to maintain a desired level of quality in a product or service’. It is a systematic control of various factors that affect the quality of the product.
Quality control
aims at prevention of defects at the source, relies on effective feedback system and corrective action procedure.
Quality control
is that aspect of management function which is primarily concerned with the acquisition, control and use of materials needed and flow of goods and services connected with the production process having some predetermined objectives in view.
Materials management
In modern industry, equipment and machinery are a very important part of the total productive effort. Therefore, their idleness or downtime becomes very expensive
Maintenance Management
are characterized by manufacturing of one or few quantity of products designed and produced as per the specification of customers within prefixed time and cost.
Job – shop production
is a production methodology in which products are manufactured in groups called batches rather than in a continuous fashion.
Batch production
based production is one of a kind in which only one type of item is manufactured at a time. This type of production is often used for a very large projects or for individual customers.
Project or job Production
In this production process, a single product is produced and stocked in warehouse until it is demanded in the market.
Process Production
The flexibility of these plants is almost zero because only one product can be produced.
Process Production
This refers to the process used to extract products such as oil and gas.
Process Production
examples of production?
- manufacturing custom-made products
- manufacturing standardized products
, sequence and time-period consumed is reflected in this (+ production scheduling)
Gantt chart by henry gantt
