CH 8- Panc Flashcards
The pancreas is a ______ structure. It functions as an _____ & _____ gland
1) retroperitoneal
2) endocine
3) exocirine
Its endocrine function is to ______ via the ______.
1) secrete insulin
2) islets of Langerhans
Its exocrine function is to secrete _____, ____, & _____.
1) Trypsin
2) Lipase
3) Amylase
The pancreas lies between the ______ & the ______.
1) Splenic hilum
2) Duodenal loop
The GDA is ______ to the pancreatic head & the CBD is _____ to the pancreatic head.
1)anterolateral
2) posterolateral
The SMA/SMV are ______ to the neck of the pancreas & _____ to the uncinate process.
1) posterior
2) anterior
The splenic artery courses along the ____ boarder of the pancreas & the splenic vein is ______.
1) Superior
2) posterior
The main pancreatic duct, the ______, courses through the pancreas & joins the CBD to form the _______.
1) the duct of Wirsung
2)ampulla of Vater
The ampulla of Vater empties into the __________
second portions of the duodenum
The accessory pancreatic duct, the ______, empties into the _____, ______ to the ampulla of Vater.
1) the duct of Santorini
2) duodenum
3) proximal
A pancreas divisum occurs when the ventral & dorsal pancreatic buds _________ & each maintains a ______.
1) do not fuse
2) separate duct
Pancreas Divisum results in a a smaller ______ which may cause _____ due to inadequate pancreatic enzyme drainage. There are many ______.
1) Ducts of Santorini
2) Pancreatitis
3) Variations
True pancreatic cyst are ______. They are associates with _______, ______, & _______.
1) rare
2) ADPKD
3) von Hippel- Limdau
4) Cystic Fibrosis
Congenital cyst (true cyst) of the pancreas are caused by ____________________.
anomalous development of the pancreatic ducts.
Pancreatic cyst may also occur in the following (6)
1) Pancreatitis
2) ADPKD
3) Cyst adenoma/adnocarcinoma
4) Cystic lymphangioma
5) Hydatid disease
6) Pancreaticoblastoma
In an Annular Pancreas, the ventral segment of the developing pancreas ______ & forms a ring of ________ around the __________.
1) encircles the duodenum
2) pancreatic tissue
3) duodenum
Annular Pancreas causes_______.
( _____ most common congenital pancreatic anomaly)
1) obstruction of the gastric outlet
2) 2nd most common
An Annular Pancreas occurs with other congenital disorders
1) Down’s syndrome
2) TEF
3) intestinal atresia
4) pancreas divisum
Annular Pancreas is more common in ______.
Males
An Ectopic Pancreas lies in the _____ position & occurs around the _____ of the _____ or the _______.
1) submucosal
2) atrium of the stomach
3) proximal small bowel
An Ectopic Pancreas is associated with _______, _______ & ________.
1) VATER syndrome
2) gut malrotation
30 duodenal atresia
Nesidioblastosis is is _____ of the fetal state of the pancreas. They secrete _______. Babies present with ______.
1) persistance
2) insulin
3) hypoglycemia
pg 176
_____ % of children with cystic fibrosis have pancreatic insufficiency, which leads to _____ & ______.
1) 85%
2) stetorrhea ( fat in feces)
3) malabsorption
Thickened mucous lines the ____, ___ & ____
1) pancreatic
2) bronchial
3) biliary ducts
The ____ & ____ in the pancreas become dilated due to the mucous & cause ______ & _____
10 ducts
2) acini
3) small cyst
4) fibrosis
The obstruction & distention lead to _____, ____, ____, ____ & ____ in the pancreas
1) degeneration
2) atrophy
3) insufficiency
4) fibrosis
5) fatty replacement
Sonographically with panc. abn. you see an ____ in the echogenicity & a ____ in pancreatic size.
1) increase
2) decrease in size
Shwachmann syndrome causes ____- & ____ of the pancreas.
1) pancreatic insufficiency
2) fatty infiltration
_______ is the most common cause of pancreatic insufficiency after cystic fibrosis. Sonographically, you see a _______ pancreas
1) Shwachmann syndrome
2) normal hyperechoic panc
Scwachman syndrome includes (4)
1) metaphyseal chondroplasia (shortening of the est)
2) metapyseal widening
3) “ cupping” of the ribs
4) bone marrow hypopasia
Acute pancreatitis in children is usually due to ______ or ______. It can also be caused by ___, ____ & _________.
1) blunt abdominal trauma
2) non accidental injury (child abuse) * most common in children
3) mumps
4)drug toxicity
5) biliary & pancreatic anomalies
with acute pancreatitis, pseudocyst form & may get ____ or ____ . Sonographically the pancreas appears ___ & ____.
1) infected
2) hemorrhage
3) hyperechoic
4) edematous
pancreatitis symptoms consist of constant _____ or ____ pain which ________ and the patient has markedly raised ______. _____ & _____ must be stopped
1) severe epigastric pain or
2) periumbilical pain
3) radiates to the back & shoulders
4) amylase levels
5) Rest & oral feedings
Chronic pancreatitis is due to ____ & is _____. Patients present with ____ & lose _____.
1) repeated attacks
2) not reversible
3) abd pain
4) pancreatic function
With chronic pancreatitis the panc is usually small due to _____ & appears ____. ___ may be present & dilation of the ____ is common.
1) fibrosis
2) heterogenous
3) calcifications
4) CBD
Causes of chronic pancreatitis in children include (5)
1) autoimmune pancreatitis
2) hereditary pancreatitis
3) Cystic Fibrosis
4) pancreas divisum
5) abdominal trauma
Complications may occur to surrounding vessels of the pancreas due to ______. _______ can erode the vessels or cause thrombosis, hemorrhage,, rupture, or a pseudoaneurysm
1) their proximity
2) pancreatic enzymes
Bowel perforation may result due to _____ by the _____. _____ may also occur due to vascular complications.
1) erosion
2) pancreatic enzymes
3) Ischemia
Pancreatic neoplasms are _____ in children. They may be ___ or____.
1) extremely rare
2) cystic
3) solid
Pancreatic Serous Cystadenomas are a _____ neoplasms that arise from ____ of the pancreas . Numerous ____ with ____ & ___ are seen
1) Benign
2) acinar cells
3) small cyst
4) protienaceous fluid
5)Septa
Large cystadenomas may cause _____ or ____ & may require _____. They are more commonly seen in the ___ & ___ of the pancreas. They area associated with ________
1) CBD obstruction
2) pancreatic atrophy
3) head & neck
4) von Hippel-Lindau disease
Pancreatic Mucinous Cystadenomas are considered _____ & largely occur in the ___ & ___ of the panc.
1) permalignant/malignant
2) body
3)tail
Pancreatic Mucinous Cystadenomas hava a distinctive _______ & are more common in ____
1) ovarian-type stroma ( a type of supportive tissue)
2) females
Pancreatic pseudocyst area collection of ___ & ___ encapsulated by _____.
1) panc fluid
2) inflammatory exudates
3) fibrous tissue
Pancreatic pseudocyst develop ___ or are due to ___ of the panc. Most psudocyst are located in the ___ & ___
1) post trauma
2) inflammatory injury
3) Body & tail
Pancreatic pseudocyst may be complicatied due to ___ or ___.
____, ____, & ____ levels are seen sonographically
1) hemorrhage or infection
2) septations
3) internal echoes
4) fluid filled debris
Solid pancreatic neoplasms are predominately _____. They include _____ (benign) & _____ (malignant)
1) endocrine
2) Insulinomas (benign)
3) Gastronomas (malignant)
______ are the most common malignant neoplasm & similar findings as those seen in adults are seen, although they are ____ in pediatric patients
1) Adenocarcinomas
2) rare in peds
A ________ is a rare solid pancreatic tumor & is associated with ______ syndrome.
1) Pancreaticoblastoma
2) Beckwith-Weidemann Syndrome
