Anatomy of the skull Flashcards by Tabitha Collins

List the 8 bones of the cranial vault

1) Frontal
2) temporal x2
3) ethmoid
4) Parietal x 2
5) occipital
6) sphenoid

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The frontal bone forms part of the cranial cavity as well as the _______, the _______ & the _____

1) forehead

2) brow ridges

3) nasal cavity

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The left & right parietal bones form much of the _______ & _______ portions of the cranium.

1) Superior

2) lateral

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The left & right temporal bones form the ____ walls of the cranium as well as housing the ______

1) lateral walls

2) external ear

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The occipital bone forms the ____ & ___ portions of the cranium. Many _____ attach here, as this is the point of articulation with the neck & cranium.

1) posterior

2) inferior

3) neck muscles

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The sphenoid bone forms part of the ____ & helps the form the ______. It is a _____ shaped bone.

1) eye orbit

2) floor of the cranium

3) batwing shaped

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The ethmoid bone forms the _____ portion of the orbits & the ______ of the nasal cavity.

1) medial

2) roof

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The cranial bones have a _____ appearance sonographically.

highly echogenic

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List the 5 major sutures of the skull.

1) Coronal suture
2) Frontal (Metopic) suture
3) Lambdoidal suture
4) Squamosal suture
5) Sagittal suture

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The _____ & ____ bones form the Coronal suture

1) Frontal

2) Patietal

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The Frontal (Metopic) suture is between the ______

Two Frontal bones

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The Lambdoidal suture is formed by the ____ & ____ bones

1) Occipital bones

2) Parietal bones

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The Sagittal suture is along the _____ & separates the _____

1) midline

2) 2 parietal bones

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The Squamosal suture runs between the _____ & _____

1) Temporal bone

2) Parietal bone

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List the 2 abnormalities involving the cranial skull

1) Craniosynostosis

2) Cloverleaf skull or Kleeblattschadel

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Craniosynostosis is _____ of the cranial sutures

Premature fusion

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Craniosynostosis fusion may be ______ or ______.

1) Complete

2) Partial

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Premature fusion of the lambdoial, coronal & sagittal sutures may lead to ______ & _______

1) Microcephaly (small head)

2) secondary Microcephaly (small brain)

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Cloverleaf skull (or Kleeblattschadel) is the premature fusion of the ____ & ____ sutures

1) coronal

2) lambdoidal

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Cloverleaf skull (or Kleeblattschadel) the sagittal suture remains ____ & allows growth in _____

1) open

2) one direction

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Cloverleaf skull (or Kleeblattschadel) a ______ skull appearance occurs

“trilobed” appearance

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Cloverleaf skull (or Kleeblattschadel) children generally _____ in ______ & have ________

1) die in infancy

2) profound mental retardation

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List the Fontanelles

1) Anterior fontanel

2) Posterior fontanel

3) Mastoid fontanel

4) Sphenoid fontanels

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The fontanelles are the spaces ________ of an infants skull where the ______ intersect

1) between the bones

2) sutures intersect

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The fontanelles generally remain open for _____ to ______

3 to 18 months

There are twon fontanellas that are covered by tough membranes; these are the ______ & the ______

1) anterior fontanel 2) posterior fontanel

which fontanel is the largest & most important?

Anterior fontanel

The Anterior fontanel is also called the _____

Soft spot

The Anterior fontanel is the junction where the 2 frontal & 2 parietal bones meet at the intersection of the _____ & _____ sutures

1) Sagittal 2) Coronal

The Anterior fontanel remains soft until about _____ of age & then forms the ______

1) 18 months of age 2) bregma (Rumack- remains open for 2 yrs, scan 12-14 months) (App & lange- 9-15 months)

The Posterior fontanel is the junction of the 2 parietal bones & occipital bones where the _____ & ____ sutures meet

1) Sagittal sutures 2) Lambdoidal sutures

The Posterior fontanel usually closes ____, before the ____, during the ______ of an infants life

1) first 2) anterior fontanelle 3) first several months of an infants life

The Posterior fontanel closes to form the _____ at _____ months of age.

1) lambda 2) 2-3 months of age

The Mastoid fontanel closes at ________

6-18 months old

The Mastoid fontanel is located at the junction of the ____, ____ & _____ bones

1) temporal 2) parietal 3) occipital

Using the Mastoid fontanelle in imaging the neonatal head is a ______ & ____ universally used at this time.

1) newer technique 2) NOT

Using the Mastoid fontanel approach, the ____ & ____ are imaged more easily for abnormalities

1) brainstem 2) posterior fossa

Using the Mastoid fontanel approach, the echogenic tentorium is ______ to improve visualization of the ______

1) avoided 2) cerebellum

The Mastoid fontanel is AKA the ________; is used with the infants head on ______

1) Posterolateral fontanelle 2) on its side

The Sphenoid fontanel is located _____ & _____ the zygomatic process

1) behind 2) slightly above ( 3cm)

The Sphenoid fontanel is formed by the ____, the ____ tips of the ____ , the ______ & the greater wing of the ____

1) frontal bone 2) anterior tips of the parietal bone 3) temporal bones 4) sphenoid bone

As the fetus grows, the ____ & _____ become the forebrain

1) Telencephalon ( cerebrum) 2) Diencephalon (thalmus, hypothalmus & epithalmus)

Telenchephalon = __________

Cerebrum

Diencephalon= ____, _____, & _____

1) Thalmus 2) Hypothalmus 3) Epithalmus

Mesencephalon = _____ & _____

1) Colloculi 2) Peduncles

The Mesencephalon becomes the _____ (remains ____)

Mid brain ( remains tubular)

The Metencephalon & Myelencephalon becomes the ____ & _____

1) hindbrain 2) spinal cord

Metencephalon = _____ & _____

1) pons 2) cerebellum

Myelencephalon= ___________

Medulla Oblongata

List the 4 divisions of the brain

1) Prosencephalone (forebrain) 2) Mesencephalon, or the midbrain 3) Rhombencephalon ( hindbrain) 4) Spinal cord

The Prosencephalone (forebrain), which has 2 additional divisions, the _____ & the _______ (division 1 of the brain)

1) Telencephalon 2) Diencephalon

The Mesecephalon, aka ________ (division 2 of the brain)

Midbrain

The Rhombencephalon (hindbrain) contains the ______ & ______ (division 3 of the brain)

1) Metencephalon 2) Myelelncephalon

List the 4 major regions of the brain

1) Cerebrum 2) Diencephalon 3) Cerebellim 4) Brain stem

The prosencephalon is the most ____ portion of the brain. It is also called the _____ .

1) Anterior portion 2) forebrain

The prosencephalon consist on the _____, _____, ____, ____ & _____

1) telencephalon 2) striatum 3) diencephalon 4) lateral vent 5) 3rd vent

The diencephalon is enclosed by the ____ & ___ to the brain stem.

1) cerebral hemisphere 2) superior

The diencephalon includes the ______, ____, ____, _____, ____ , ____, ____, ____ & ______ (9)

1) thalamus 2) hypothalamus, 3) the optic tracts 4) optic chiasma 5) infundibulum 6) 3rd vent 7) mammillary bodies 8) posterior pituitary gland 9) pineal gland

The telencephalon is the ____ of the brain ______ to the midbrain

1) anterior portion 2) rostral ( to the front of)

The telencephalon consist of the ____, ____, ____ & ____

1) cerebral cortex 2) basal ganglia 3) corpus striatum 4) olfactory bulb

The mesencephalon is the most _____ portion of the brain stem. It is located between the ___ & ____

1) Rostral (to the front of) 2) forebrain 3) brainstem

The mesencephalon consist of the ___ & ____

1) tecum 2) tegmentum

The rhombencephalon is the ______ portion of the brainstem

inferior portion

The rhombencephalon is comprised of the ____ , the _____ & the _____

1) Metencephalon 2) Myelencephalon 3) Reticular formation

The metencephalon is located below the ____ portion of the cerebrum & ____ the medulla oblongata

1) below 2) above

The pons is connected to the cerebellum by the _______

Middle cerebellar peduncles

The myelenecephalon, the ____ portion of the brain stem

Posterior

The myelenecephalon is composed of the _____ & contains a portion of the ______.

1) medulla oblongata 2) fourth ventricle

The sonographic appearance of the parenchyma of the brain is ____ & of __________

1) Homogenous 2) low echogenicity

The brain is composed of ____ & _____ matter

1) grey 2) white

The gray matter, the ___ portion of the brain, is compose of ________

1) Outer portion 2) large groups of neurons

The white matter is composed of the ______ & ____ cover with fat, is _____ inside the brain

1) Bundles of axons 2) dendrites 3) deep inside

The outer gray matter, ___mm to ___ mm portion of the cerebrum is called the ______ & contains ___ layers

1) 1.5-5mm 2) cerebral cortex 3) six layers

The cerebral cortex is actually a _______ covering the ____ of the brain

1) Layer of cells 2) Surface

The cortex contains folds , called _____. This allows the cerebral cortex to have more _____

1) gyri 2) more surface area

Large sulci subdivide each _____ into ____.

1) hemisphere 2) lobes

The gyri are the ___ or ____ on the cerebrum & the sulci are the grooves that _________

1) folds or convolutions 2) separate the gyri

The major gyrus of the brain is called the _____

Cingulate gyrus

The cingulate gyrus is a ____ structure in the ___ part of the brain

1) hypoecoic 2) medial

The cingulate gyrus partially wraps around the ______

Corpus callosum