Ch 5- Pediatric neck

Question 1

Thyroid problems in children are _____

Answer 1

not common

Question 2

The thyroid develops in the _____ at the _____ & _____ into the neck

Answer 2

1) floor of the pharynx

2) base of the tongue

3) descends

Question 3

As it is developing, the thyroid gland is connected to the ____ for a short time by the ______. This duct __________.

Answer 3

1) tongue

2) Thyroglossal duct

3) degenerates & dissapears

Question 4

A _____ is the persistence of the inferior portion of the Thyroglossal duct

Answer 4

Pyramidal lobe

Question 5

Congenital Hypothyroidism is a ____ disorder usually related to a developmental anomaly such as ______ or _____.

Answer 5

1) common

2)ectopia

3) dyshormogenesis (enzyme defect)

Question 6

Children with congenital hypothyroidism have a condition called ________. It affects ___________

Answer 6

1) Cretinism

2) females 2:1

Question 7

Ectopic thyroid gland is an ______ congenital anomaly where the thyroid is located along the _____ of its descent from the ____.

Answer 7

1) infrequent

2) normal route

3) tongue

Question 8

A ______ thyroid is the most common ectopic thyroid. it is due to ______ of the thyroid which results in thyroid tissue ________. This is usually the only ______ present

Answer 8

1) Lingual

2) incomplete descent

3) high in the neck (midline dorsum of the tongue)

4) functioning thyroid tissue

Question 9

Accessory thyroid gland tissue may appear in the ____. The tissue is _____, but ____ to maintain normal thyroid function

Answer 9

1) Thymus gland

2) functional

3) insufficient

Question 10

A goiter is a non- specific general term for an _____, of which there are _____ in children

Answer 10

1) enlarged thyroid

2) many causes in children

Question 11

Grave’s disease is thyroid _____ & ____ when occurring in children. It is the most common cause of ______. This condition is more common in _________

Answer 11

1) hyperplasia

2) hyperfunctioning

3)hyperthyroidism

4) adolescent girls

Question 12

Grave’s disease symptoms include (3 )

Answer 12

1) tachycardia

2) exophthalmos

3) enlarged thyroid

Question 13

Grave’s disease may also be associated with (3)

Answer 13

1) myasthenia gravis

2) pernicious anemia

3) adrenal insufficiency

Question 14

Grave’s disease, the gland is _____, due to infiltration of the ____ & ____

Answer 14

1) heterogeneous

2) lymphocytes

3) multiple blood vessels

Question 15

Grave’s disease, you will see a _____ on CFD. Diffuse _____ may also be present

Answer 15

1) thyroid inferno

2) lymphadenopathy

Question 16

Grave’s disease, an ____, _____, ____, ___ gland is seen.

Answer 16

1) enlarged

2) lobulated

3) hypoechoic

4) inhomogenous

Question 17

Can you tell the difference between Grave’s disease & Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis sonographically ?

Answer 17

No, you need clinical scenarios or labs

Question 18

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis is a ________ condition where _____ of the gland occurs. It is a common cause of _____

Answer 18

1) Chronic autoimmune condition

2) lymphocyte infiltration

3) hypothyroidism

Question 19

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis, a ___, ___ gland will be seen, along with ___ vascularity of the gland during a hypothyroid event. The disease will eventually cause the thyroid to progress to a ___& ___ gland

Answer 19

1) enlarged

2) course

3) increased

4) small & atrophied

Question 20

DeQuervain’s thyroiditis is an ____ form of subacute thyroiditis caused by a ______

Answer 20

1) uncommon

2) viral infection

Question 21

Bacterial Thyroiditis (acute suppurative) is ____ & usually due to a _____. This is seen in association with ___________ on the ____

Answer 21

1) rare

2) staph infection

3) third/fourth brachial arch anomaly

4) left

Question 22

Thyroid carcinoma is _____ in children. It is thought to be associated with _________

Answer 22

1) Very uncommon

2) irradiation of the head/neck

Question 23

_______ account for the majority of thyroid cancers occuring in children

Answer 23

Papillary Carcinoma

Question 24

Papillary Carcinoma most common identifying feature is ______.
____ are present in > 50% of cases. It metastasizes through the _____.

Answer 24

1) microcalcifications

2) Lymph nodes

3) lymphatics

Question 25

Follicular carcinoma metastasizes through the _____. They are ____

Answer 25

1) bloodstream

2) encapsulated

Question 26

Medullary carcinoma occurs with _____. The tumor metastasizes ______

Answer 26

1) MEN- (Multiple Endocrine Disorders)

2) early

Question 27

Medullary carcinoma is associated with _____ , ____ ( secrete ____) & _______.

Answer 27

1) pheochromocytoma’s

2) parathyroid hyperplasia (secretes calcitonin)

3) GI neuromatoses

Question 28

Parathyroid gland anomalies are ____ in children & usually secondary to _______,

Answer 28

1) extremely rare

2) secondary to severe renal disease

Question 29

What are the 3 types of neck masses?

Answer 29

1) congenital

2) inflammatory

3) neoplastic

Question 30

Thyroglossal duct cyst are the ___________ neck mass. They are a remnant of the _____

Answer 30

1) most common superficial midline

2) thyroglossal duct

Question 31

Thyroglossal duct cyst, approximately 50 % appear in children ______. Most are found by age _____ & _____. They are also common in adolescents following an ________.

Answer 31

1) less than 10 yrs old

2) 5

3) asymptomatic

4) upper respiratory infection

Question 32

Thyroglossal duct cyst are found ____ to the ____ bone & present as _________, with an ______& _____ mass

Answer 32

1) inferior

2) hyoid bone

3) painless swelling

4) enlarging & mobile

Question 33

Thyroglossal duct cyst, a cystic lesion is seen with ________, depending on ____ & _____. _____ are usually given as treatment, but cyst may recur. ____ is the preferred treatment

Answer 33

1) varying amounts of debris

2) infection & post-aspiration

3) antibiotocs

4) surgical resection

Question 34

PG.145