Ch. 8 Key Vocabulary Flashcards
Alphabetical Principle
Principle that each individual sound has a graphical representation of individual letters or letter blends and the correspondence between sounds and letters that leads to reading. Also called grapho-phonemic awareness, should be taught with realia or in the context of real books.
Automaticity
Required for fluency, automatic word recognition.
Blending
A component of fluency that requires students to blend together phonemes, the smallest units of sound, to form words.
Connotation
The implied meaning of a word based on its context.
decoding
A component of fluency that requires students to convert letters into words.
Denotation
The literal meaning of a word.
Encoding
Turning messages into symbols which could include something as simple as translating spoken language into text or as advanced as converting math word problems into an equation.
Fluency
Ability to read with precision, speed, and proper intonation.
Grapho-Phonemic Awareness
Principle that each individual sound has a graphical representation of individual letters or letter blends and the correspondence between sounds and letters that leads to reading. Also called alphabetic principle, should be taught with realia or in the context of real books.
Onset
The beginning sound in a word. Important component of phonemic awareness.
Phonemes
The smallest units of sound, which are blended to create words.
Phonemic Awareness
Subset of phonological awareness; hearing, identifying, and manipulating phonemes, the smallest units of sound.
Phonological Awareness
The ability to detect individual sounds in a spoken word. Critical first step in learning to read and provides the foundation of the objective.
Pragmatics
How context contributes to the meaning of a word.
Print Concept or Awareness
Book orientation, top to bottom progression, reading left to right, and continuing to the next line after completing the first. Should be introduced at an early age through modeling.
Prosody
Versification of text, reading with a natural rhythm and pace.
Realia
Concrete objects that draw meaning to the students.
Rime
The ending phoneme in a word. Important component of phonemic awareness.
Segmenting
A component of fluency in which a student breaks a word into phoneme, the smallest unit of sound.
Semantics
The study of words and their meanings.
Text Marking
The practice of highlighting important details and main ideas in the text as a component of active reading.
Total Physical Response (TPR)
James Asher, Language teaching device; blends physical movement with language acquisition.
Phonics
Method used to relate letters to the speech sounds they represent.
