Ch. 2 Key Vocabulary Flashcards
Accomodation
A change in the way a student learns new material. Indicated on an IEP. Timing Presentation of material Setting Response format
Assistive Technology
Any item, piece of equipment, or device that supports the needs of students with disabilities.
Bandura
Social Learning Theorist; Learners observe modeled behavior and consequences of the behavior and then project the consequences onto themselves.
Bullying
Repeated aggressive behavior of an individual with the intent to hurt or destroy another individual.
Classroom Management
Planning and implementing methods to ensure that the learning environment of the classroom provides and effective venue for learning.
Classroom Presence
Sense or culture created by the teacher based on how, when, and why the the teacher communicates.
Cyberbullying
Destructive or threatening comments made to a student through an e-mail, a blog, or a post on the Internet.
Database
Software program that facilitates the organization of information such as a letter or mailing address.
Discrimination
When students learn that only specific behaviors lead to reinforcing of punishing consequences, not similar behaviors.
Extinction
Learned behavior no longer elicits the expected reinforcement, behavior decreases.
Extrinsic Motivation
Students are motivated to perform a behavior in order to earn a reward or avoid a punishment.
High-Traffic Areas
Paths that students often travel in the classroom, such as where they line up to leave the room and the path they take frequently used supplies.
Intellectual Property
Copyright material.
Intrinsic Motivation
Engaging in a behavior because it is personally rewarding.
Meichenbaum
Social Learning Theorist; Self-regulated learning, Importance of practicing modeled behavior by forecasting the rewarding consequences of positive behaviors and the negative consequences of undesirable behaviors.
Modification
Changing the target skill or construct of the learning occurring. Fundamentally changing the curriculum.
Negative Reinforcement
Aversive stimulus is removed after a behavior is exhibited, increases behavior.
Pavlov
Behavior theorist; Focuses on classical conditioning. Pair a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimuli causing a conditioned response to a previously neutral stimulus.
Positive Reinforcement
Presenting a motivating/reinforcing stimulus after desired behavior is exhibited, behavior becomes more likely.
Premack Principle
Pairs undesirable behaviors with desirable acts to increase the behavior.
Punishers
Decrease the likelihood a behavior will be repeated.
Skinner
Behavior Theorist; Operant conditioning, reinforced behavior is likely to be repeated and not reinforced behavior is less likely to be repeated.
Thorndike
Behavior Theorist; Law of Effect, behaviors that result in a favorable consequence will be repeated and those that result in unfavorable consequences will not be repeated..
Transitions
Periods of time when teachers focus a student’s attention on completing one task and finishing another.
