Ch. 7 Key Vocabulary Flashcards
Acquisition-learning Model
Students can acquire language in 2 ways: (1) they can acquire it by steadily absorbing it in a natural manner through meaningful interaction or (2) they can learn it intentionally by studying vocabulary and grammar. These two methods work in tandem, and both are necessary for second-language acquisition.
Affective Filter Hypotheses
Emotional factors contribute greatly to a student’s ability to learn a second language. A student that experiences high anxiety in the classroom is said to have a high affective filter which prevents them from learning a new language.
Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS)
The vocabulary a student uses to carry on social conversations in low-stress environments such as the lunch room and the playground.
Cognates
Words from different languages that have the same meaning and similar pronunciation and spelling.
Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP)
The academic language that an English Language learner must learn to successfully understand and communicate the content of academic texts.
Dual Language Programs
A learning environment in which students who are learning English are placed together with students who are fluent in English, and English language learners receive specialized English language instruction. All students in a dual language program receive core/basic subject area instruction in English and another language.
Florida Consent Decree
Protects civil rights of ELL’s, outlines how ELL’s are identified and assessed, while ensuring they receive equal access to appropriate education in both English language instruction and other core subjects.
Home Language Survey
The initial questionnaire that is given to all incoming Florida students. Asks questions about the primary language spoken in the home. If any question on the form is answered ‘yes’ the student is evaluated for English proficiency.
Input Hypothesis
The belief that in order to challenge a student, the teacher needs to provide material that is slightly above the student’s ability level in any language.
Jim Cummins
Famous for work with second-language acquisition, coined the terms BICS and CALP.
Lev Vygotsky
An educational theorist known for his sociocultural theory that stresses the importance of social interaction on learning.
Limited English Proficiency (LEP)
Term to describe students who are not native English speakers and struggle with speaking, listening, reading, or writing in English.
Mainstream/inclusion
An ESOL program where the students who are learning English are grouped with students who are fluent in English. Instruction is only in English and students are supported in basic/core subject areas through the use of ESOL.
Monitor Hypothesis
A hypothesis developed by Krashen that states if a student can learn the grammatical rules of a new language, he or she will be able to monitor written and spoken language in the future.
Multicultural Education
An educational approach that focuses on five key areas: content integration, knowledge construction, equity pedagogy, prejudice reduction, and empowerment of school culture.
Native Language
Any language that is spoken regularly in the home.
Natural Order Hypothesis
States that second-language acquisition will follow a predictable pattern, and that certain grammatical structures will be acquired before others. Krashen contends that for this reason, educators should follow specific order of grammatical instruction.
No Child Left Behind Act (L2 learners)
Non-native English speakers may not be tested in their native language. Gives right and responsibility of establishing programs to teach LEP students English.
Realia
Concrete objects that are used to give meaning to a lesson. Deepens student understanding.
Scaffolding
The practice of providing sufficient assistance to a student in order to facilitate learning.
Sheltered English Approach
A program for ELL’s where the classes include only LEP students. Students may have the same home language or many different home languages. Instruction is entirely in English, and students receive special instruction in English while being supported in basic core/subject areas through the use of ESOL techniques.
Sociocultural Theory
Vygotsky believed that students experience incremental gains in learning. A student who is operating in his or her “zone of proximal development” will be able to easily learn when provided help by a more experienced person.
Stages of Second Language Acquisition
The stages in which a second-language is acquired. The four stages are: pre-production, early production, speech emergent, and intermediate fluency.
Stakeholders
Parents, teachers, administrators, and community members who are invested in the academic success of a student.
