Ch. 8 - Geriatric Pharm

Question 1

Decreased Organ Function –>

Answer 1

• Monitor effect of drug therapy to prevent
• Risk of adverse reactions
• Possible drug toxicity

Question 2

GI System (1):

Answer 2

Increase: PH gastric secretions

Question 3

GI System (2):

Answer 3

Decreased:

- Peristalsis with delayed emptying time
- Motility laxatives

Question 4

Cardiac / Circulatory:

Answer 4

Decreased:

- cardiac output 
- Blood flow

Question 5

Hepatic:

Answer 5

Decreased:

 - enzyme function 
 - Blood flow

Question 6

Renal:

Answer 6

Decreased:

  - blood flow 
  - Functioning nephrons 
  - Glomerular filtration Rate

Question 7

Absorption (1):

Answer 7

1. ) Slowed d/t: blood flow decrease
2. ) Gi motility decrease
3. ) Drugs remain in gi tract longer

Question 8

Absorption (2):

Answer 8

Acidic drugs poorly absorbed d/t:
 -alkaline gastric secretion increase 
-------------------------------------------------------
Amount of dose absorbed  
-Not affected

Question 9

Distribution (1):

Answer 9

Decreased protein binding sites for drugs:

1. ) Increase amount of free drug in circulation
2. ) Increase chance for adverse reaction

Question 10

Distribution (2):

Answer 10

Loss of body water:
-decreased volume of distribution of water soluble drugs then drugs become more concentrated (not enough volume for drug to be distributed)

Question 11

Distribution (3):

Answer 11

Total body fat increased:
-Fat-soluble drugs may be absorbed in fatty tissue and released slowly into bloodstream then decreases in desired drug affect

Question 12

Metabolism (Biotransformation):

Answer 12

Decreased blood flow to liver:

1. ) Decreased ability to metabolize and detoxify drugs
2. ) Increased risk for drug toxicity

Question 13

Excretion:

Answer 13

1. ) Decreased cardiac output & blood flow throughout circulation
2. ) Decreased renal functioning
   
   • drug toxicity more likely

Question 14

Pharmacodynamics:

Answer 14

1. ) Lack of affinity to receptor sites throughout the body

2. ) May experience altered drug response

Question 15

Barriers to Effective Medication Use (1):

Answer 15

Sensory losses:

1. ) Difficulty reading labels
2. ) Hearing loss

Question 16

Barriers to Effective Medication Use (2):

Answer 16

Memory loss:

1. ) Recent memory loss
2. ) When to take meds
3. ) Associate with daily activity

Question 17

Polypharmacy (1):

Answer 17

Administration of many drugs together

Question 18

Polypharmacy (2):

Answer 18

1. ) Multiple health care providers
2. ) Herbal therapy
3. ) OTC drugs
4. ) Discontinued Rx meds

Question 19

Polypharmacy (3):

Answer 19

At risk for drug-drug interactions

Question 20

Barriers to Effective Medication Use (3):

Answer 20

Financial loss:

1. ) Decreased
2. ) May not

Question 21

Barriers to Effective Medication Use (4):

Answer 21

1. ) Communication Problems
2. ) Instructions
3. ) English/ technical jargon
4. ) Pride trust awe of profession

Question 22

Assessment (1):

Answer 22

1. ) Disabilities
2. ) Sensory functioning
3. ) Home environment
4. ) Financial concerns

Question 23

Assessment (2):

Answer 23

Is client able to open medication bottles

-Easy open caps

Question 24

Implementation (1):

Answer 24

Oral meds:

1. ) Position comfortably
2. ) Liquid dosage available
3. ) Don’t rush client

Question 25

Implementation (2):

Answer 25

IM injections—Avoid:

1. ) Deltoid muscle
2. ) Vastus lateralis muscle (non- ambulatory pts)

Question 26

Implementation (3):

Answer 26

IM injections—-Preferred:

1. ) Dorsogluteal
2. ) Ventrogluteal

Question 27

Implementation (4):

Answer 27

IV administration:

-Watch flow rate to prevent circulatory overload

Question 28

Health Teaching Older Clients (1):

Answer 28

1. ) Glasses hearing aid
2. ) Speak clearly slowly
3. ) Short sessions 15-20 min
4. ) Visual aids

Question 29

Health Teaching Older Clients (2):

Answer 29

5. ) Treat with respect
6. ) Include family member/ support person
7. ) Emphasize following Rx orders exactly
8. ) Discard old expired meds

Question 30

Evaluation:

Answer 30

1. ) “Client sustains no injury from self-administration of medications”
2. ) “Client is able to verbalize understanding of medication regimen”