Ch. 33 - Antivirals, Antimalarials, Anthelmintics

Question 1

Viruses:

Answer 1

• More difficult to tx

- Reproduce by using host cell components

Question 2

Viral Infections:

Answer 2

Acute = (flu/cold)

Chronic = (herpes/HIV/MS/Alzeihemers)

Question 3

Influenza (1)

Answer 3

Highly contagious –>
-Affects: Resp system

Transmitted = contaminated droplets

3 main types of influenza = A,B,C

Question 4

Influenza (2)

Answer 4

Flu vaccine:

-Develop high antibody titer levels

Question 5

Herpesviruses :

Answer 5

HSV – 1 (COLD SORE)
HSV – 2 (genital herpes)
HSV – 3 (chicken pox/shingles)
HSV – 4 (Epstein-Barr)

Cytomegalovirus – affects salivary glands (preg woman stay away)

Question 6

Viral Infections:

Answer 6

1. ) Hepatitis B (HBV)
2. ) Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Vaccines

Question 7

Antiviral Drugs (non-HIV):

Answer 7

• Prevent or delay spread of viral infection

- Inhibit viral replication

Question 8

amantadine (Symmetrel):

Answer 8

Tx: Parkinsonism:
-Influenza A

Po = prophylactic use

Question 9

acyclovir (Zovirax) (1):

Answer 9

1. ) Effective antiviral agent against:
   - Herpes simplex (2)
   - Herpes zoster (3)
   - Herpes encephalitis (3)

Question 10

acyclovir (Zovirax) (2):

Answer 10

2. ) Po, IV, topical
3. ) Short half-life (admin more freq)
4. ) Interferes w/ viral synthesis of DNA

5.) Decrease healing time of active lesions

Question 11

acyclovir (Zovirax) (3):

Answer 11

Side Effects:

• GI distress
• HA, dizziness
• Rash, urticaria

Question 12

acyclovir (Zovirax):

Answer 12

Adverse Reactions:

• Gingival hyperplasia (overgrowth of gums)
• Nephrotoxicity

Question 13

Teach: acyclovir

Answer 13

1. ) Maintain adequate fluid intake
2. ) Encourage good oral hygiene
3. ) Report adverse reactions

Question 14

Neuraminidase inhibitors:

Answer 14

Decrease release of virus from infected cells =  -Decrease spread of virus
-Decrease duration of flu symp

Question 15

zanamivir (Relenza) / oseltamivir (Tamiflu):

Answer 15

1. ) Take within 48 hr of flu symptoms
2. ) Type A & B flu viruses
3. ) Not the same as a ‘flu shot’

Question 16

Malaria (1):

Answer 16

1. ) Protozoal organism
2. ) Transmission
   
   • Carried by mosquitoes
   • Person – to – person contact

Question 17

Malaria (2):

Answer 17

3. ) Transmission:
   * Ingest contaminated food or water
   * Contaminated syringe/needle
   * Direct contact w/ parasite

Question 18

Malaria (3):

Answer 18

4. ) Parasites multiply in liver = infect red blood cells

5. ) Life-threatening = disrupting blood supply to vital organs

Question 19

Chloroquine HCl (tx: malaria):

Answer 19

• Po, IM
• Preventative measures:
  
  • Before the trip
  • While in the area
  • After return from the area

Question 20

Chloroquine HCl - Side Effects / Adverse Reactions:

Answer 20

1. ) GI upset
2. ) Blurred vision
3. ) Hypotension
4. ) Ototoxicity (hearing prob/loss)

Question 21

Chloroquine HCl - Nursing Interventions:

Answer 21

Monitor:

-Renal (kidney) & liver function

Question 22

Teach: chloroquine HCl

Answer 22

1. ) Take po drug w/ food if GI upset occurs
2. ) Report vision changes immediately
3. ) Avoid consuming large amts alcohol

Question 23

Anthelmintics (Antihelminthics):

Answer 23

Helminths:

• Parasitic worms
• Most common form of parasitic disease

Most common site:
-Intestine

Question 24

Transmission:

Answer 24

• Direct skin contact

- Ingesting food & water infested w/ worms

Question 25

Anthelmintics (Antihelminthics) cont…

Answer 25

Action:

• Root out parasitic worms from the body:
  
  • Killing
  • Stunning

Question 26

Side Effects - Adverse Reactions:

Answer 26

1. ) GI distress
   
   • Anorexia, n/v
2. ) Neurologic SE
   
   • Dizziness, weakness, HA, drowsiness

Question 27

Nursing Interventions: antihelminthics

Answer 27

1. ) Collect stools in a clean container

2. ) Adm meds with or immediately after meals

Question 28

Teaching (1): antihelminthics

Answer 28

1. ) Handwashing!
2. ) Daily showers = not baths
3. ) Change sheets, bedclothes, towels & underwear daily

Question 29

Teaching (2): antihelminthics

Answer 29

4. ) Don’t walk barefoot in infested area
5. ) Wash vegetables & fruits before eating or cooking
6. ) Proper cooking of beef & pork

Question 30

Teaching (3): antihelminthics

Answer 30

7.) Drowsiness may occur

8. ) Compliance:
   
   • Drug tx, follow up

9.) Report SE/adverse reactions to health care provider