Ch 8 - Enteric Viruses

Question 1

4 viruses that target the villi

Answer 1

1. Coronaviruses
2. Rotaviruses
3. Astroviruses
4. Noroviruses
   (CRAN)

Question 2

What type of virus targets the crypts?

Answer 2

Parvoviruses

Question 3

How does villous blunting result in diarrhea?

Answer 3

causes a decrease in absorption

Question 4

How do rotaviruses cause diarrhea?

Answer 4

They increase fluoride excretion

Question 5

How does inflammation lead to diarrhea?

Answer 5

vasodilation –> leaky vessels –> diarrhea

Question 6

Where are Rotaviruses (generally) limited to?

Answer 6

the small intestine (jejunum and ileum)

Question 7

Rotaviruses are (enveloped/nonenveloped), (dsDNA, dsRNA, ssDNA), and (segmented/non-segmented)

Answer 7

non-enveloped, dsRNA, segmented

Question 8

speices affected by Rotaviruses

Answer 8

calves, goats, pifs, sheep, foals, humans

Question 9

T or F
Most mamals have their own host-specific rotavirus

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Rotavirus clinical signs in neonates

Answer 10

diarrhea (“milk-scours”)
rapid weight loss
dehydration

Question 11

how do you Dx Rotavirus?

Answer 11

PCR/ELISA

Question 12

Control/Prevention of Rotaviruses?

Answer 12

Management is key!
Killed Vx/Modified Live oral Vx for newborn calves

Question 13

Coronaviruses are (more/less) severe than rotaviruses. Why?

Answer 13

More. They can involve the colon

Question 14

3 distinct syndromes of Bovine Coronsviruses

Answer 14

1. calf diarrhea
2. winter dysentry of adult cattle (diarrhea with blood)
3. BRD (Bo. Resp Disease)

Question 15

4 Swine Coronaviruses:

Answer 15

1. TGE - Transmissable Gastroenteritis
2. PRCV - Porcine Resp Coronavirus
3. PED - Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea
4. Porcine Deltacoronavirus

Question 16

Equine coronaviruses usually affects (adults/foals)

Answer 16

adults

Question 17

Equine coronavirus peak shedding is (?) days (before/after) clinical signs

Answer 17

3-4 days AFTER clinical signs

Question 18

Is there a Vx for Equine Coronavirus?

Answer 18

No

Question 19

Equine coronavirus: some horses develop neurologic abnormalities secondary to (?)

Answer 19

hyperammonemia

Question 20

Enteric virus transmission

Answer 20

fecal-oral

Question 21

Enteric viruses - most are (enveloped/non-enveloped)

Answer 21

non-enveloped

Question 22

Enteric viruses: most cause (local/systemic), (persistent/transient) infections

Answer 22

local, transient

Question 23

enteric viruses: (short/long) incubation period

Answer 23

short

Question 24

enteric viruses: more severe in (adults/young animals)

Answer 24

young

Question 25

What 5 factors influence the severity of disease for enteric viral infections?

Answer 25

1. dose of the virus 2. host nutrition/health 3. underlying/concurrent infections 4. maternal Ab or Vx 5. Genetics: virus/host

Question 26

Feline enteric coronavirus: primary shed via

Answer 26

feces

Question 27

Feline enteric coronavirus: persistence in the group is a risk factor for (?)

Answer 27

FIP (feline infectious peritonitis)

Question 28

Feline enteric coronavirus: which cycle is key to lethal FIP?

Answer 28

infection/reinfection cycle

Question 29

Feline enteric coronavirus: how many cats in a group is sufficient to maintain the virus within the group?

Answer 29

3+

Question 30

Feline enteric coronavirus: clinical signs?

Answer 30

causes subclinical infections or mild diarrhea

Question 31

Feline enteric coronavirus: contagious/non-contagious?

Answer 31

contagious

Question 32

FIP: contagious/non-contagious?

Answer 32

non-contagious

Question 33

What is the difference between "wet" or effusive FIP and "dry" or non-effusive FIP?

Answer 33

Wet FIP = accumulation of proteinaceous **fluids** in the abdominal cavity. vasculitis. Dry FIP = Pyogranulomatous inflammation of **CNS** and uveal tract of the eye

Question 34

FIPV infection with a strong CMI (cell mediated immunity)

Answer 34

No disease

Question 35

FIPV infection with a strong Ab response, and weak CMI (cell mediated immunity)

Answer 35

WET FIP

Question 35

FIPV infection with a weak Ab response, and moderate CMI (cell mediated immunity)

Answer 35

DRY FIP

Question 35

Serology FECV/FIP test: Ab negative - 3 possible interpretations?

Answer 35

1. cat has not been exposed, or Ab have waned 2. Cat was recently exposed but it's too early to see Ab 3. The cat has FIP but has poor humoral immunory response (DRY form)

Question 35

Serology FECV/FIP test: Ab positive - 2 possible interpretations?

Answer 35

1. The cat has been exposed to FECV. 2. the cat is vaccinated

Question 36

Serology: correlation between Ab level and FIP is (good/poor)

Answer 36

poor

Question 37

Can FIP/FECV be differentiated serologically or by RT-PCR tests?

Answer 37

NO

Question 38

What is the only way to get a definitive FIP Dx?

Answer 38

Necropsy or biopsy of internal organs (no antemortem tests)

Question 39

Parvovirus: (ssDNA/dsRNA/dsDNA), (enveloped/non-enveloped), (small,large)

Answer 39

ssDNA, non-enveloped, small

Question 40

Parvovirus: replicates in (?) cells

Answer 40

actively dividing cells

Question 41

Parvovirus: see intranuclear inclusions when ?

Answer 41

it replicates in the nucleus

Question 42

Parvovirus: usually seen in puppies of what age?

Answer 42

6 wks - 6 months (especially < 12 weeks when mAb decreases)

Question 43

What ages should you Vx for parvovirus in a puppy?

Answer 43

6wks, 11 wks, 16 wks

Question 44

in what 4 types of cells does parvovirus replicate?

Answer 44

1. crypt epithelium (GI) 2. leukocytes in bone marrow 3. purkinje cells in cerebellum (kittens) 4. cardiac muscle cells (causing myocarditis in puppies)

Question 45

2 major sources of parvovirus for susceptible animals

Answer 45

transiently infected animals and the evironment

Question 46

Parvovirus: control

Answer 46

Vx! A core Vx.

Question 47

Canine Adenovirus: exposure

Answer 47

oral

Question 48

Canine Adenovirus: replicates in what type of cells?

Answer 48

hepatocytes and endothelial cells

Question 49

Canine Adenovirus: classic clinical sign

Answer 49

"blue eye"