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Virology > Ch 8 - Enteric Viruses > Flashcards

Ch 8 - Enteric Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

4 viruses that target the villi

A
  1. Coronaviruses
  2. Rotaviruses
  3. Astroviruses
  4. Noroviruses
    (CRAN)
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2
Q

What type of virus targets the crypts?

A

Parvoviruses

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3
Q

How does villous blunting result in diarrhea?

A

causes a decrease in absorption

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4
Q

How do rotaviruses cause diarrhea?

A

They increase fluoride excretion

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5
Q

How does inflammation lead to diarrhea?

A

vasodilation –> leaky vessels –> diarrhea

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6
Q

Where are Rotaviruses (generally) limited to?

A

the small intestine (jejunum and ileum)

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7
Q

Rotaviruses are (enveloped/nonenveloped), (dsDNA, dsRNA, ssDNA), and (segmented/non-segmented)

A

non-enveloped, dsRNA, segmented

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8
Q

speices affected by Rotaviruses

A

calves, goats, pifs, sheep, foals, humans

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9
Q

T or F
Most mamals have their own host-specific rotavirus

A

True

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10
Q

Rotavirus clinical signs in neonates

A

diarrhea (“milk-scours”)
rapid weight loss
dehydration

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11
Q

how do you Dx Rotavirus?

A

PCR/ELISA

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12
Q

Control/Prevention of Rotaviruses?

A

Management is key!
Killed Vx/Modified Live oral Vx for newborn calves

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13
Q

Coronaviruses are (more/less) severe than rotaviruses. Why?

A

More. They can involve the colon

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14
Q

3 distinct syndromes of Bovine Coronsviruses

A
  1. calf diarrhea
  2. winter dysentry of adult cattle (diarrhea with blood)
  3. BRD (Bo. Resp Disease)
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15
Q

4 Swine Coronaviruses:

A
  1. TGE - Transmissable Gastroenteritis
  2. PRCV - Porcine Resp Coronavirus
  3. PED - Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea
  4. Porcine Deltacoronavirus
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16
Q

Equine coronaviruses usually affects (adults/foals)

A

adults

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17
Q

Equine coronavirus peak shedding is (?) days (before/after) clinical signs

A

3-4 days AFTER clinical signs

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18
Q

Is there a Vx for Equine Coronavirus?

A

No

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19
Q

Equine coronavirus: some horses develop neurologic abnormalities secondary to (?)

A

hyperammonemia

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20
Q

Enteric virus transmission

A

fecal-oral

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21
Q

Enteric viruses - most are (enveloped/non-enveloped)

A

non-enveloped

22
Q

Enteric viruses: most cause (local/systemic), (persistent/transient) infections

A

local, transient

23
Q

enteric viruses: (short/long) incubation period

A

short

24
Q

enteric viruses: more severe in (adults/young animals)

A

young

25
Q

What 5 factors influence the severity of disease for enteric viral infections?

A
  1. dose of the virus
  2. host nutrition/health
  3. underlying/concurrent infections
  4. maternal Ab or Vx
  5. Genetics: virus/host
26
Q

Feline enteric coronavirus: primary shed via

A

feces

27
Q

Feline enteric coronavirus: persistence in the group is a risk factor for (?)

A

FIP (feline infectious peritonitis)

28
Q

Feline enteric coronavirus: which cycle is key to lethal FIP?

A

infection/reinfection cycle

29
Q

Feline enteric coronavirus: how many cats in a group is sufficient to maintain the virus within the group?

A

3+

30
Q

Feline enteric coronavirus: clinical signs?

A

causes subclinical infections or mild diarrhea

31
Q

Feline enteric coronavirus: contagious/non-contagious?

A

contagious

32
Q

FIP: contagious/non-contagious?

A

non-contagious

33
Q

What is the difference between “wet” or effusive FIP and “dry” or non-effusive FIP?

A

Wet FIP = accumulation of proteinaceous fluids in the abdominal cavity. vasculitis.
Dry FIP = Pyogranulomatous inflammation of CNS and uveal tract of the eye

34
Q

FIPV infection with a strong CMI (cell mediated immunity)

A

No disease

35
Q

FIPV infection with a strong Ab response, and weak CMI (cell mediated immunity)

A

WET FIP

35
Q

FIPV infection with a weak Ab response, and moderate CMI (cell mediated immunity)

A

DRY FIP

35
Q

Serology FECV/FIP test: Ab negative - 3 possible interpretations?

A
  1. cat has not been exposed, or Ab have waned
  2. Cat was recently exposed but it’s too early to see Ab
  3. The cat has FIP but has poor humoral immunory response (DRY form)
35
Q

Serology FECV/FIP test: Ab positive - 2 possible interpretations?

A
  1. The cat has been exposed to FECV.
  2. the cat is vaccinated
36
Q

Serology: correlation between Ab level and FIP is (good/poor)

A

poor

37
Q

Can FIP/FECV be differentiated serologically or by RT-PCR tests?

A

NO

38
Q

What is the only way to get a definitive FIP Dx?

A

Necropsy or biopsy of internal organs (no antemortem tests)

39
Q

Parvovirus: (ssDNA/dsRNA/dsDNA), (enveloped/non-enveloped), (small,large)

A

ssDNA, non-enveloped, small

40
Q

Parvovirus: replicates in (?) cells

A

actively dividing cells

41
Q

Parvovirus: see intranuclear inclusions when ?

A

it replicates in the nucleus

42
Q

Parvovirus: usually seen in puppies of what age?

A

6 wks - 6 months (especially < 12 weeks when mAb decreases)

43
Q

What ages should you Vx for parvovirus in a puppy?

A

6wks, 11 wks, 16 wks

44
Q

in what 4 types of cells does parvovirus replicate?

A
  1. crypt epithelium (GI)
  2. leukocytes in bone marrow
  3. purkinje cells in cerebellum (kittens)
  4. cardiac muscle cells (causing myocarditis in puppies)
45
Q

2 major sources of parvovirus for susceptible animals

A

transiently infected animals and the evironment

46
Q

Parvovirus: control

A

Vx! A core Vx.

47
Q

Canine Adenovirus: exposure

A

oral

48
Q

Canine Adenovirus: replicates in what type of cells?

A

hepatocytes and endothelial cells

49
Q

Canine Adenovirus: classic clinical sign

A

“blue eye”

Virology (6 decks)

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