ch 8 emotional and cognitive development

Question 1

attachment

Answer 1

an emotional tie or bond between two people, ususally a primary caregiver and a child

Question 2

jean piaget

Answer 2

a psychologist that believed that cognotive development depended on the brains maturation and personal experiences

Question 3

piagets 4 stages of cognitive development

Answer 3

1. sensorimotor (0-2)
2. pre-operational (2-7)
   3.concrete-operational (7-12)
3. formal operations (12+)
   stinkin pigs cant fly

Question 4

schemata can be altered bia two processes

Answer 4

assimilation: new experiences combine with existing schemas
accommodation: new experiences alter or create new schema

Question 5

sensorimotor

Answer 5

infants learn via their senses and actions

Question 6

pre operational

Answer 6

development continues and begins to use symbols, images and language to represent the world

Question 7

concrete operational

Answer 7

children can perform basic mental problems that involve physical objects

Question 8

formal operational

Answer 8

children are able to think logically and methodically about phycial and abstract problems

Question 9

limitations of piagets theory

Answer 9

cognitive skills can be gained earlier
cognitive abilities may develop inconsistently
does not consider cultural influence

Question 10

zone of proximal development (ZPD)

Answer 10

where children are able to complete a task with guidance they would otherwise not be able to complete on their own

Question 11

lev vygotsky sociocultural cognitive theory

Answer 11

stated that children learn by watching and modelling a more experienced individual
was based on three key concepts
1. the zone of proximal development
2. the more knowledge other
3. scaffolding

Question 12

more knowledgeable other

Answer 12

recognises the importance of interacting with a person with more experience-better understanding on cognitive development

Question 12

more knowledgeable other

Answer 12

recognises the importance of interacting with a person with more experience-better understanding on cognitive development

Question 13

scaffolding

Answer 13

refers to the temporary support required for a child to master a new skill independently

Question 14

piaget vs vygotsky

Answer 14

Piaget
- set stages
- a belief that all children go through the stages
- development is largely independent of cultural/social context

Vygotsky
- development is more fluid
- depends heavily on socio-cultural context
- development is the result of learning experiences from others

Question 15

congnitve strategies

Answer 15

mental strategies that an individual uses to solve both simple and complex problems

Question 16

metacognition

Answer 16

a key process that involves an individual being aware of and understanding their own thought processes