ch 3 brain investigations

Question 1

Claudis Galen (139-216AD)

Answer 1

observed that the nerves and senses were connected to the brain, not the heart.
the brain was filled with fluid-filled ventricles and spread by the nerves

Question 2

rene descartes (1596-1650AD)

Answer 2

believed the mind and body were separate entities
speculated that both can affect each other such as memory and imagination.

Question 2

n

Answer 2

n

Question 3

body

Answer 3

interacts with the mind

Question 4

phrenology

Answer 4

proposed different parts of the brain have separate functions.

Question 5

pierre flourens (1794-1867AD)

Answer 5

introduced brain ablation experiences - involving disabling, destroying or removing selected brain tissue to observe changes in behaviour

Question 6

Wider Penfield (1891-1976AD)

Answer 6

used electrical stimulation of the brain to map the cerebral cortex with his patients

Question 7

roger sperry

Answer 7

involved cutting the nerves between the brains hemispheres in epilepsy patients

Question 8

electrical stimulation of the brain

Answer 8

used a device that sent electrical impulses through a probe
- activated different parts of the brain
- was able to map the brain

Question 9

electroencephalograph (EEG)

Answer 9

measured electrical impulses and recorded electrical activity ‘in real-time
- cannot show the specific location of this activity

Question 10

neuroimaging techniques

Answer 10

produce images of the structure or activity of the brain

Question 11

structural neuroimaging

Answer 11

• techniques that produce images or scans show brain structure and anatomy
• computerised tomography (CT scan)
• magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Question 12

functional neuroimaging

Answer 12

showing the brain functions by showing them “at work”

eg.
- position emission tomography (PET)
- functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Question 13

computed tomography

Answer 13

• uses x-rays to create cross-sectional images of the brain
• can identify disease-affected areas
• does not show brain function

Question 14

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer 14

• uses magnetic fields and radio waves
• produces 2D and 3D, high-resolution images of the brains structures

Question 15

functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Answer 15

gives good quality images of brain structure but also indicates which parts of the brain respond to particular stimuli.
measures real-time brain activity via the amount of oxygen in the blood of the brain

Question 16

positon emission tomography (PET)

Answer 16

• uses radioactive tracer attached to sugar compound in the blood
• tracks area of most blood flow
• gamma rays emitted from part of the brain using the most sugar

Question 17

dualism

Answer 17

the view that the mind is separate entity from the body and that our conscious awareness is not physical

Question 18

monism

Answer 18

the view that the brain is the same thing as the mind

Question 19

free will

Answer 19

a person makes a conscious decision to act on a particular way

Question 20

determinism

Answer 20

actions are governed by internal and external forces outside the persons control