Ch. 8 (DS) Flashcards by Destiny S

The portal veins carry blood from the ______________ to the liver.

a. Hepatic artery

b. Intestinal tract

c. Splenic artery

d. Peripheral venous system

b. Intestinal tract

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The arterial supply to the gallbladder is via the:

a. Hepatic artery

b. Superior mesenteric artery

c. Cystic artery

d. Gastroduodenal artery

c. Cystic artery

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The portal venous system receives blood from all of the following except the:

a. Gallbladder

b. Pancreas

c. Spleen

d. Kidneys

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What vessel passes anterior to the third part of the duodenum and posterior to the neck of the pancreas?

a. Superior mesenteric artery

b. Superior mesenteric vein

c. Inferior mesenteric vein

d. Splenic vein

b. Superior mesenteric vein

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The duodenum and parts of the stomach are supplied by the:

a. Hepatic artery

b. Gastroduodenal artery

c. Splenic artery

d. Superior mesenteric artery

b. Gastroduodenal artery

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Which one of the following vessels passes anterior to the uncinate process of the pancreas?

a. Hepatic artery

b. Portal vein

c. Left renal vein

d. Superior mesenteric artery

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The distribution of the superior mesenteric artery is to the:

a. Distal half of colon and the liver

b. Proximal half of colon and the small intestines

c. Small intestine and the proximal half of colon

d. Large intestine and the distal half of colon

b. Proximal half of colon and the small intestines

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Which one of the following veins begins at the hilum of the spleen and is joined by the short gastric and left gastroepiploic vein?

a. Pancreatic

b. Portal

c. Superior mesenteric

d. Splenic

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Which one of the following statements is incorrect?

a. The portal vein enters the lesser omentum.

b. The portal vein is formed anterior to the pancreas.

c. The portal vein drains blood out of the gastrointestinal tract.

d. The portal vein has an anastomosis with the esophageal veins, rectal venous plexus, and superficial abdominal veins.

b. The portal vein is formed anterior to the pancreas.

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The normal diameter of the aorta is less than ____millimeters (mm).

a. 2

b. 4

c. 10

d. 23

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Budd-Chiari syndrome demonstrates thrombosis of the:

a. Hepatic veins

b. Hepatic arteries

c. Portal veins

d. Inferior vena cava (IVC)

a. Hepatic veins

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The inferior mesenteric artery distributes blood to the:

a. Left transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid, and rectum

b. Ascending colon, sigmoid, and rectum

c. Descending colon

d. Ascending colon and rectum

a. Left transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid, and rectum

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The right renal artery passes_____ to the inferior vena cava (IVC).

a. Anterior

b. Posterior

c. Lateral

d. Medial

b. Posterior

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The vessel that arises from the anterior aortic wall and takes a parallel course to the aorta is the:

a. Hepatic artery

b. Renal artery

c. Superior mesenteric artery

d. Inferior mesenteric artery

c. Superior mesenteric artery

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Which one of the following vascular structures courses between the aorta and SMA?

a. Left renal vein

b. Celiac trunk

c. Gastroduodenal artery

d. Left renal artery

a. Left renal vein

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Renal arteries branch from the lateral wall of the aorta:

a. At the level of L4

b. Superior to the SMA

c. Superior to the hepatic arteries

d. Inferior to the SMA

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The IVC courses anteriorly to enter the:

a. Right ventricle

b. Left atrium

c. Right coronary sinus

d. Right atrium

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Which vascular structure is used as a landmark in locating the celiac trunk?

a. Common bile duct

b. Common hepatic artery

c. Superior mesenteric artery

d. Gastroduodenal artery

c. Superior mesenteric artery

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Which one of the following vascular structures relates to the medial and posterior borders or to the pancreatic body and tail?

a. Splenic artery

b. Hepatic artery

c. Superior mesenteric
artery

d. Splenic vein

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The gastroduodenal artery is a branch of the:

a. Common hepatic artery

b. Left gastric artery

c. Splenic artery

d. Superior mesenteric artery

a. Common hepatic artery

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The most common cause of abdominal aneurysms is:

a. Cystic medial necrosis

b. Syphilis

c. Atheroma

d. Arteriosclerosis

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In patients with lower trunk and leg edema and a dilated IVC, a(n) _______________ should be suspected.

a. Rupture

b. Atrioventricular fistula

c. Retroperitoneal tumor

d. Infection

b. Atrioventricular fistula

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The most common tumor to fill the IVC is:

a. Islet cell carcinoma

b. Renal cell carcinoma

c. Venous angioma

d. Nephroma

b. Renal cell carcinoma

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The clinical signs of leg edema, low back pain, pelvic pain, gastrointestinal complaints, and renal and liver problems may represent:

a. Abdominal rupture

b. Superior mesenteric thrombus

c. Retroperitoneal tumor

d. IVC thrombosis

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Which one of the following statements is false for a patient with renal vein thrombosis? a. Direct visualization of thrombi in the renal vein and IVC is possible. b. Loss of normal renal structure occurs. c. Renal size increases in the acute phase. d. Doppler flow increases.

d. Doppler flow increases.

Fatty infiltration may be seen in all patients except those with: diabetes mellitus chronic alcoholism hepatoportal fistula hepatitis

hepatoportal fistula

Sonographic findings of acute hepatitis include: accentuated brightness, more extensive demonstration of portal vein radicles, and overall decreased echogenicity of liver decreased brightness and echogenicity of liver increased brightness and echogenicity of liver; no demonstration of portal vein radicles ascites, decreased brightness, and echogenicity

accentuated brightness, more extensive demonstration of portal vein radicles, and overall decreased echogenicity of liver

The most common benign tumor of the liver is: mesenchyma hamartoma adenoma cavernous hemangioma infantile hemangioendothelioma

cavernous hemangioma

Patients who have hepatocellular carcinoma are likely to have had: hemochromatosis adenosis cirrhosis carcinosis

cirrhosis

The most common form of neoplastic involvement of the liver is: metastases hepatocellular carcinoma hepatoma hamartoma

metastases

In severe hepatocellular destruction, the AST and ALT are: high moderately high moderate mild

high

Elevation of alkaline phosphatase is associated with: biliary obstruction tumor lesion in the liver hepatocellular disease cystic disease of the liver

biliary obstruction

Diminished vascular structures within the liver parenchyma most likely represent: obstructive portal disease cirrhosis Budd-Chiari syndrome acute viral hepatitis

cirrhosis

Elevation of serum bilirubin results in: hepatocellular disease ascites jaundice hemolysis

jaundice

Typical symptoms a patient may have with an abscess formation include all of the following EXCEPT: fever. decreased white blood count pain increased white blood count

decreased white blood count

The vascular tumor composed of blood vessel cells with nonspecific sonographic findings is: adenoma hemangioma Ewing's angioma hamartoma

hemangioma

The right and left hepatic ducts emerge from the right lobe of the liver in the porta hepatis and unite to form the: common hepatic duct cystic duct common bile duct common pancreatic duct

common hepatic duct

The hepatic duct is joined by the _____ to form the _____. pancreatic duct; cystic duct cystic duct; common bile duct common bile duct; cystic duct right hepatic duct; common bile duct

cystic duct; common bile duct

The cystic duct connects the _____ of the gallbladder with the common hepatic duct to form the _____. fundus; common hepatic duct (CHD) fundus; common bile duct (CBD) neck; CBD body; CHD

neck; CBD

A phrygian cap of the gallbladder is: partial septation calcification of the gallbladder wall septations within the organ folding of the fundus

folding of the fundus

The function of the gallbladder is: storage for extra cholesterol storage for enzymes reservoir for bile reservoir for biliary salts

reservoir for bile

Hartmann's pouch is formed: when septations divide the neck from the cystic duct when the gallbladder folds back on itself at the neck when the gallbladder is partially septated when the fundus is folded

when the gallbladder folds back on itself at the neck

Classic symptoms of gallbladder disease include all of the following EXCEPT: hematuria right upper quadrant pain right shoulder pain nausea and vomiting

hematuria

Inflammation of the gallbladder is: cholecystitis choledocholithiasis cholesterosis adenomyomatosis

cholecystitis

Gallstone appearance on ultrasound examination is: dependent, mobile, echogenic dependent, immobile, echogenic dependent, float, immobile independent, mobile, hypoechoic

dependent, mobile, echogenic

Cholelithiasis is characterized on ultrasound as: fuzzy margins low-level echoes beyond the stone shaggy borders of the margin clean shadow with distinct margins

clean shadow with distinct margins

Nonshadowing, low-amplitude echoes in a dependent gallbladder is most characteristic of: stones porcelain gallbladder cholecystitis sludge

sludge

The head of the pancreas lies in the: lap of the liver lap of the gallbladder, common bile duct (CBD) lap of the duodenum lap of the lesser omentum

lap of the duodenum

The head of the pancreas is inferior to the: right lobe of liver caudate lobe of liver right lateral fissure of liver left lateral fissure of liver

caudate lobe of liver

The _____ is the anterolateral border of the pancreas. common bile duct gastroduodenal artery hepatic duct superior mesenteric vein

gastroduodenal artery

The tail of the pancreas is found: posterior to the left kidney, near the splenic hilum anterior to the left kidney, near the splenic hilum posterior to the right kidney, near the liver hilum anterior to the right kidney, near the liver hilum

anterior to the left kidney, near the splenic hilum

The primary pancreatic duct is the: duct of Santorini duct of Ampulla duct of Vater duct of Wirsung

duct of Wirsung

The duct of Santorini is a/an: small accessory duct to the gallbladder accessory duct to the cystic duct accessory duct to the pancreas small opening in the duodenum

accessory duct to the pancreas

The normal size of the pancreatic duct is less than: 1 mm 3 mm 5 mm 6 mm

3 mm

The enzyme that is the most sensitive over time in laboratory tests for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is: aspartate amniotransferase (AST) alkaline phosphatase amylase lipase

lipase

The splenic artery is considered to be the: superior border of the pancreas lateral border of the pancreas anterior border of the pancreas inferior posterior border of the pancreas

superior border of the pancreas

Clinical signs and symptoms in acute pancreatitis include all of the following EXCEPT: severe abdominal pain radiating to the back severe abdominal pain radiating to the right shoulder elevated amylase nausea and vomiting

severe abdominal pain radiating to the right shoulder

The pancreas is reflective in its sonographic appearance because of the multiple: islets of Langerhans Cooper's ligaments small glands or acini fat between the lobules

fat between the lobules

Gallstones are present in 40% to 60% of patients with: chronic pancreatitis annular pancreas cystic fibrosis acute pancreatitis

acute pancreatitis

On ultrasound, acute pancreatitis may appear: homogeneous echogenic calcified hypoechoic

hypoechoic

The most common cause of acute pancreatitis in children is: surgery drinking baseball trauma

trauma

A patient who presents with jaundice, weight loss, and a palpable right upper quadrant (RUQ) mass should be evaluated for: cholecystitis adenocarcinoma of the pancreas pancreatitis pancreatic pseudocyst

adenocarcinoma of the pancreas

The most common type of thyroiditis is: deQuervain's Courvoisier's Hashimoto's Stein-Leventhal

Hashimoto's

The landmark for the posteriolateral border of the thyroid is: trachea esophagus strap muscle common carotid artery superior thyoid artery

common carotid artery

Hyperthyroidism associated with a diffuse goiter is associated with: papillary carcinoma Grave's disease Hashimoto's thyroiditis adenoma

Grave's disease

Typical symptoms a patient may have with an abscess formation include all of the following EXCEPT: fever. decreased white blood count pain increased white blood count

decreased white blood count

The splenic artery is considered to be the: superior border of the pancreas lateral border of the pancreas anterior border of the pancreas inferior posterior border of the pancreas

superior border of the pancreas

The splenic vein is considered to be the: superior posterior border of the pancreas superior border of the pancreas medial posterior border of the pancreas inferior posterior border of the pancreas

medial posterior border of the pancreas

Fusion of the lower pole of the kidneys is called a: cross-renal ectopia pelvic kidney supernumerary kidney horseshoe kidney

horseshoe kidney

The most echogenic portion of the kidney is/are the: cortex sinus medullary pyramids parenchyma

sinus

A cortical bulge in the lateral border of the kidney is called a/an: junctional parenchymal defect dromedary hump extrarenal pelvis column of Bertin

dromedary hump

Dilatation of the renal pelvis with thinning of the renal cortex is characteristic of: duplex collection system column of Bertin hydronephrosis extrarenal pelvis

hydronephrosis

The kidneys are located in the: peritoneal cavity retroperitoneal cavity perirenal cavity perirenal space

retroperitoneal cavity

A triangular-shaped lesion on the peripheral border of the kidney most likely represents a(n): renal tumor artifact from rib IVC compression junctional parenchymal defect

junctional parenchymal defect

The normal sonographic texture of the spleen is: homogeneous with internal echoes equal to or less echogenic than those of the liver. hypoechoic isoechoic but more echogenic than the liver hyperechoic

homogeneous with internal echoes equal to or less echogenic than those of the liver.

A potential space located between the liver edge and right kidney is: Morison's pouch Douglas' pouch cul-de-sac Winhauer's space

Morison's pouch

Renal cell carcinoma commonly invades the IVC via the: renal vein renal artery portal vein splenic vein

renal vein

Which of the following is a benign fatty tumor of the kidney? angiomyolipoma hypernephroma neuroblastoma lymphoma

angiomyolipoma

The most common benign neoplasms in the spleen include all of the following EXCEPT: cavernous hemangiomas infarctions cystic lymphangiomas hamartomas

infarctions

The left renal vein courses: posterior to the IVC anterior to the IVC anterior to the aorta anterior to the superior mesenteric artery

anterior to the aorta

A pelvic kidney has a(n): abnormal appearance in a normal location normal appearance in an abnormal location normal appearance in a normal location abnormal renal pelvis

normal appearance in an abnormal location

Splenomegaly may result from all except which of the following? an inflammatory process a left subphrenic abscess a metastatic disease to the spleen polycythemia vera

a left subphrenic abscess

In a _____ hematoma of the spleen, the splenic capsule remains intact. interparenchymal subcapsular intraperitoneal interperitoneal

subcapsular

See image above. . What is the most likely diagnosis? multiple hemangiomas multiple metestatic lesions multiple cyst multiple adenomas

multiple metestatic lesions

A renal sonogram is performed. The finding of hypoechoic areas adjacent to the renal sinus is most consistent with bifid renal pelvis renal pyramid column of Bertin junctional parenchymal defect

renal pyramid

A triangular-shaped lesion on the peripheral border of the kidney most likely represents a(n) renal tumor artifact from rib IVC compression junctional parenchymal defect

junctional parenchymal defect

The vessel seen posterior to the IVC on the sagittal scan represents the: right adrenal artery right renal artery left renal artery left renal vein

right renal artery

Which statement describes the correct anatomic location of structures adjacent to the spleen? the diaphragm is anterior, lateral and inferior to the spleen the fundus of the stomach and lesser sac are medial and posterior to the splenic hilum the left kidney lies inferior and medial to the spleen the right adrenal and kidney lie superior to the spleen

the left kidney lies inferior and medial to the spleen

When accessory spleens are present, they usually are located: at the inferior margin of the spleen on the posterior aspect of the spleen near the hilum of the spleen near the kidney

near the hilum of the spleen

Which of the following statements about the spleen is FALSE? A prominent bulge along along the medial surface of the spleen can be seen in normal patients. The normal-sized spleen should not extend caudal to the mid portion of the left kidney. The spleen is a retroperitoneal organ. the sonographic texture of the normal spleen is homogeneous.

The spleen is a retroperitoneal organ.

he normal sonographic texture of the spleen is: homogeneous with internal echoes equal to or less echogenic than those of the liver hypoechoic isoechoic but more echogenic than the liver hyperechoic

homogeneous with internal echoes equal to or less echogenic than those of the liver

The splenic artery is a branch of which of the following vascular structures? abdominal aorta gastric artery celiac axis superior mesenteric artery

celiac axis

The most common solid renal mass found in childhood is: renal cell carcinoma angiomyolipoma Wilms' tumor Von Hippel-Lindau tumor

Wilms' tumor

A sign of transplant rejection is: Resistive Index (RI) greater than 0.7 RI greater than 0.4 RI less than 0.4 No RI

Resistive Index (RI) greater than 0.7