Ch. 1 & 9

Question 1

Turbulent flow:
a. should not be mistaken for pathology
b. always occurs at vessel bifurcations
c. is associated with vessel bends and kinks
d. indicates stenosis exceeding 60%

Answer 1

b. always occurs at vessel bifurcations

Question 2

what would happen to the frequency component of this waveform if the transmitted doppler frequency (Ft) was 2.5 MHz?

Answer 2

Decrease by factor of 2

Question 3

in the doppler equation for velocity what is the Cos (theta)?

Answer 3

the doppler beam angle of incidence to flow.

Question 4

in the linear array transducers, doppler steering is accomplished by which of the following methods?

Answer 4

phasing

Question 5

what’s causing this peripheral arterial waveform to look “goofy”?
(look at image)

Answer 5

high wall filter

Question 6

a color doppler image on most ultrasound systems is generated by which process?

Answer 6

autocorrelation

Question 7

which of the following is an advantage of continuous-wave doppler over pulsed-wave doppler specifically for segmental pressure determination?

Answer 7

b-mode image is not necessary for vessel location

Question 8

which of the following is not a product of color autocorrelation?

Answer 8

peak frequency shift

Question 9

why is the measured velocity in this image inaccurate?

Answer 9

angle adjustment cursor not aligned correctly

Question 10

some ultrasound systems can enable a high PRF mode in which the spectral doppler PRF is doubled. which of the following is resulting artifact?

Answer 10

multiple sample gates.

Question 11

this doppler waveform is derived from what type of processing or analysis?
(look at image)

Answer 11

zero crossing detection

Question 12

which of the following does not affect color frame rate?

Answer 12

color gain

Question 13

what pulse-wave doppler parameter is decreased when the range gate is reduced in size?

Answer 13

spatial pulse length

Question 14

to improve the AXIAL resolution of an image you could

Answer 14

increase the transmit frequency.

Question 15

which of the following principles, effects or laws apply to decreased pressure with increase flow speed?

Answer 15

bernoulli’s effect

Question 16

laminar flow is disrupted and turbulence occurs when the reynolds number meets or exceeds what value?

Answer 16

2000

Question 17

this equation: E (energy)= I (current) x R (resistance) is called __________
and is often used as an analogy to ___________

Answer 17

Ohm’s law, poiseuille’s law

Question 18

the highest pressure in the arterial system is found in what region or organ?

Answer 18

left ventricle of the heart

Question 19

which of the following arterial wall structures is in direct contact with blood flow?

Answer 19

endothelium

Question 20

perfusion in tissue is controlled by vasoconstriction and vasodilation in which of the following structures

Answer 20

arterioles

Question 21

which of the following is not a risk factor for peripheral arterial disease?

Answer 21

venous reflux/insufficiency

Question 22

what is the most significant factor affecting diastolic blood flow in the lower extremities

Answer 22

vasoconstriction/dilation in the arterioles

Question 23

the vaso vasorum supplies blood flow to what structure

Answer 23

arterial wall

Question 24

of the symptoms listed below, which is generally not associated with arterial insufficiency?

Answer 24

limb swelling

Question 25

which of the following is another name for the internal iliac artery

Answer 25

hypogastric

Question 26

what is the first major tibial artery branching off the distal popliteal artery?

Answer 26

anterior tibial artery

Question 27

what is the most common symptom of peripheral arterial disease?

Answer 27

claudication

Question 28

thromboangiitis obliterans is a fixed occlusive disease of the digits. what is another name for this condition?

Answer 28

buerger’s disease

Question 29

the blue toe syndrome is a symptoms of what condition

Answer 29

atheroemboli

Question 30

which artery supplies the most blood to the gluteus maximus muscle

Answer 30

hypogastric artery