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Vas > Ch. 4, 15, 38 > Flashcards

Ch. 4, 15, 38 Flashcards

1
Q

which of the following statement regarding subclavian steal is most likely true?

A

In the left subclavian steal, the right vertebral artery supplies the left arm.

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2
Q

The appearance of early systolic deceleration in the left vertebral artery waveform is usually due to which of the following conditions?

A

proximal left subclavian stenosis

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3
Q

A subclavian artery aneurysm is a possible complication of:

A

thoracic outlet compression

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4
Q

In the presence of innominate artery occlusion the ipsilateral common carotid artery (cca) is often supplied by __________ flow in the right ________________ artery

A

retrograde , subclavian

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5
Q

Name 2 indicators in the image that are used to determine the flow direction.

A

Invert
color scale
pos and neg numbers.

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6
Q

how would you characterize this left subclavian waveform
(look at image)

A

Abnormal-distal to a stenosis

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7
Q

In transcranial Doppler the MCA is accessed through ________window and typically demonstrates flow direction ________the transducer

A

transtemporal, towards

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8
Q

the optimal window for evaluation of the vertebral and basilar arteries with transcranial Doppler is the

A

suboccipital window

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9
Q

the blood flow velocity parameter commonly reported in transcranial Doppler is:

A

time-averaged peak velocity.

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10
Q

intracranial cross filling often occurs in which of the following vessels in the presence of an occluded ICA

A

anterior communicating artery

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11
Q

which of the following becomes an extracranial to intracranial collateral route in the presence of significant ICA disease

A

supraorbital and ophthalmic arteries via ECA branches.

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12
Q

in color transcranial doppler imaging, a zero degree doppler angle is used when calculating all velocity values.

A

false

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13
Q

Look at circle of willis diagram

A

A- ACA (A2)
B- ACoA
C- ACA (A1)
D- MCA
E- PCoA
F- PCA (P1)
G- PCA (P2)
H- Basilar Artery
I- Vertebral Artery
J- Terminal ICA

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14
Q

The ________________ artery wraps around the cerebral peduncle.

a. Posterior cerebral
b. Anterior cerebral
c. Posterior communicating
d. Middle cerebral

A

a. posterior cerebral

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15
Q

Blood flow in the ACA is normally ___________ the transducer.

a. Bidirectional to
b. Away from
c. Toward
d. Vertical to

A

b. away from

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16
Q

The union of the 2 vertebral arteries forms which one of the following?

Select one:
a. Posterior communicating artery
b. Anteroinferior cerebellar
c. Posterior cerebral artery
d. Basilar artery

A

d. Basilar artery

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17
Q

Blood flow in the MCA is normally __________________.

a. Both away from the transducer and blue on color Doppler
b. Toward the transducer
c. Away from the transducer
d. Blue on color Doppler

A

b. Toward the transducer

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18
Q

A _____degree angle is assumed when performing TCD imaging examinations.

a. zero
b. 45
c. 60
d. 25

A

a. zero

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19
Q

The acoustical intensity should be ___________ to evaluate the carotid siphon using the transorbital approach.

a. Doubled
b. Not adjusted
c. Increased
d. Decreased

A

d. decreased

20
Q

After evaluating the MCA, the color PRF may need to be __________ to evaluate the posterior cerebral artery (PCA).

a. Doubled
b. Decreased
c. Increased
d. Unadjusted

A

b. decreased

21
Q

Identification of normal cranial arteries is based on all of the following except:

a. Blood flow direction
b. Adjacent anatomic structures
c. Depth of sample volume
d. Blood flow velocity

A

d. Blood flow velocity

22
Q

The middle cerebral artery is located at a depth of _______ millimeters (mm).

a. 60 to 80
b. 60 to 75
c. 55 to 67
d. 30 to 67

A

d. 30 to 67

23
Q

The large terminal branch of the internal carotid artery is which one of the following?

a. Middle cerebral artery
b. Posterior cerebral artery
c. Posterior communicating artery
d. Anterior cerebral artery

A

a. Middle cerebral artery

24
Q

Which one of the following windows is used to evaluate the vertebrobasilar system?

a. Suboccipital
b. Transorbital
c. Submandibular
d. Transtemporal

A

a. Suboccipital

25
Q

A low hematocrit (less than 30%) is associated with _________ intracranial arterial velocities.

a. Decreased
b. Turbulent
c. Increased
d. Unchanged

A

c. increased

26
Q

The interpretation of a TCD imaging examination is made from which one of the following?

a. Spectral waveforms
b. Color display
c. Color bar
d. Gray-scale image

A

a. Spectral waveforms

27
Q

A high-resistance Doppler signal is normally characteristic of which one of the following arteries evaluated during a TCD examination?

a. Middle cerebral artery
b. Ophthalmic artery
c. No artery has a high resistance.
d. Vertebral artery

A

b. Ophthalmic artery

28
Q

The anterior cerebral artery (ACA) is normally evaluated from the ____________ approach.

a. Transtemporal
b. Transorbital
c. Submandibular
d. Suboccipital

A

a. Transtemporal

29
Q

Intracranial arterial velocities __________ with increasing age.

a. Increase
b. Expand
c. Decrease
d. Do not change

A

c. Decrease

30
Q

Most users report ___________ velocities during TCD examinations.

a. Peak-systolic
b. Mean
c. End-diastolic
d. Pulsatility

A

b. Mean

31
Q

Which one of the following is not a limitation of a TCD examination?

a. Patient movement
b. Poor temporal window
c. Anatomic variations
d. Pulsed Doppler transducer

A

d. Pulsed Doppler transducer

32
Q

During color Doppler transcranial imaging, the middle cerebral artery (MCA) runs parallel to which one of the following bony landmarks?

a. Cerebral peduncle
b. Petrous ridge of the temporal bone
c. Sphenoid wing
d. Occipital bone

A

c. Sphenoid wing

33
Q

The two A1 segments of the ACA are joined by which one of the following?

a. Anterior communicating artery
b. Recurrent artery of Heubner
c. A2 segment of the left ACA
d. A2 segment of the right ACA

A

a. Anterior communicating artery

34
Q

Which one of the following parameters affects the intracranial velocities at the level of the circle of Willis?

a. Turbulence
b. Cardiac output
c. Intracranial pressure
d. Infarction

A

a. Turbulence

35
Q

When performing a transcranial color Doppler (TCD) imaging examination, the best results are obtained using a _____ transducer.

a. 5 MHz
b. 7.5 MHz
c. 2 MHz
d. 10 kHz

A

c. 2 MHz

36
Q

A _____ Doppler transducer is used for TCD imaging examinations.

a. Mechanical
b. Continuous wave
c. Pulsed wave
d. Alternating

A

c. Pulsed wave

37
Q

Side-to-side differences that occur during a TCD imaging examination should be considered within normal limits if they are less than _____%.

a. 75
b. 25
c. 100
d. 50

A

b. 25

38
Q

Which one of the following parameters affects the intracranial velocities proximal to the circle of Willis?

a. Cardiac output
b. Infarction
c. Blood viscosity
d. Intracranial pressure

A

a. Cardiac output

39
Q

Identification of normal cranial arteries is based on all the following:

A
  • depth of sample volume
    -blood flow velocity
  • blood flow direction
40
Q

The cavernous portion of the ICA is referred to as the _______________.

A

Carotid siphon

41
Q

Which statement correctly describes the segments of the intracranial posterior circulation?

A

The basilar artery is formed at the junction of the two vertebral arteries

42
Q

What approximate highest reported rate of variations in the circle of Willis?

A

50%

43
Q

Other than the standard four approaches used TCD or TCDI, what is a fifth approach that is sometimes used to obtain vertebral artery signals?

A

At the atlas loop

44
Q

What equipment setting must be reduced during a trans-orbital examination?

A

Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF)

45
Q

Which of the following are NOT normal findings of the ophthalmic artery?

A

It normally displays high velocity diastolic flow

46
Q

The depth of the vertebral artery confluence is approximately ______mm

A

70 mm

Vas (10 decks)

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