CH. 8 Disorders of Fluid and Electrolytes

Question 1

Functions of body fluids

Answer 1

transport gases, nutrients and wastes, helps generate the electrical activity needed to power body functions, take part in the transformation of food into energy, maintain the overall function of the body.

Question 2

ICF

Answer 2

consists of fluid contained within all the billions of cells in the body
larger of the two comparments.
2/3 of body water in healthy adults
high concentration of K. n
almost no Ca, moderate amount of mg

Question 3

ECF

Answer 3

contains the rest of the body water. all the fluids outside the cells, including that in the interstitial or tissues spaces and blood vessels. h
high concentration of Na.
large amounts of na and chloride
moderate amounts of bicarbonate.
small quantities of k, mg, ca, and phosphate

Question 4

ECF is broken into

Answer 4

instertitial fluid compartment (between veins and capillaries), plasma (noncellular portion), transcellular compartment (CSF and joint fluids)

Question 5

Third spacing

Answer 5

fluid in the transceullar section, it just accumulates

Question 6

Diffusion

Answer 6

movement of charged or uncharged along a gradient, to lower

Question 7

Osmosis

Answer 7

water movement from high water concentration to low water concentration. selectively permeable membrane.

Question 8

Tonicity

Answer 8

the tension or effect that the effective osmotic pressure of a solution with impermeable solutes exerts on cell size because of water movement across the cell membrane

Question 9

Isotonic

Answer 9

neither shrink nor swell

Question 10

Hypotonic

Answer 10

swell. increase in the water. water into the cell.

Question 11

Hypertonic

Answer 11

shrink. increase in the solute. water out of the cell

Question 12

Edema

Answer 12

accumulation of fluid in extracellular space
pitting, non-pitting
Brawny

Question 13

Brawny Edema:

Answer 13

edema seen related to other disease process. lipid disorder, thyroid.

Question 14

Edema Formation

Answer 14

increase the capillary filtration pressure, decrease the capillary colloidal osmotic pressure, increase capillary permeability, produce obstruction to lymph flow.

Question 15

Methods of Assessing Edema

Answer 15

daily weight, visual assessment, measurement of the affected part, application of finger pressure for pitting edema.

Question 16

Water and Na balance

Answer 16

baroreceptors regulate effective volume. modulating sympathetic nerous system outflow and ADH secretion.
RAAS: angiotensin 2 and aldosterone
Gain: water, oral intake and metabolism of nutrients, na
Loss: kidneys, skin, lungs, GI

Question 17

Assessment of body fluid loss

Answer 17

history of conditions that predispose to sodium and water losses, weight loss, and observations of altered physiologic function indicative of decreased fluid volume.
HR, BP, venous volume, /filling, capillary refill rate.

Question 18

Regulators of sodium

Answer 18

kidney. Sympathetic nervous system.
monitors arterial pressure, retains sodium when arterial pressure is decreased, and eliminates it when arterial pressure is increased, the rate is coordinated by the sympathetic and RAAS.

Question 19

Physiologic mechs for regulating water

Answer 19

thirst (hypothalamus), and ADH (water output)

respond to changes in EC osmolality and volume

Question 20

Polydipsia: symptomatic thirst

Answer 20

with a loss of body water and resolves with replacement. associated with diarrhea, vomiting, diabetes, sweat

Question 21

Polydipsia: inappropriate or excessive thirst

Answer 21

thirst may persist despite adequate hydration. common complaint in people with CHF, diabetes mellitus, and CKD.
can also be seen with people on corticosteroids.

Question 22

Psychogenic Polydipsia

Answer 22

compulsive water drinking, psychiatric disorders, schizophrenia, drinking large amounts of water and excrete large amounts of urine (water intoxication), and antipsychotic medications increase ADH levels

Question 23

Diabetes insipidus

Answer 23

def of or a dec response to ADH. pt unable to concentrate urine during periods of water restriction and excrete large volumes of urine. 
neurogenic or central diabetes insipidus: occurs because of a defect in the synthesis or release of ADH
Nephrogenic: occurs because the kidneys do not respond to ADH.

Question 24

SIADH

Answer 24

failure of the negative feedback system that regulates the release and inhibition of ADH.

Question 25

Causes of fluid volume excess

Answer 25

inadequate sodium and water elimination, excessive sodium intake in relation to output.
excessive fluid intake in relation to output.