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5253: Child and adolescent > Ch 8: contemporary issues > Flashcards

Ch 8: contemporary issues Flashcards

1
Q

Child adolescent counselors are encouraged to

A

utilize strength-based approaches; using strengths helps focus on the problem, not the individual

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2
Q

externalization

A

emphasis shifts from individual blame to strategic solution building for positive contextualized sustainable change
promotes development of success identity

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3
Q

Labels

A

it is enouraged not to use labels to define students; puts them in a box

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4
Q

Ecological Systems theory model (Bronfenbrenner)

A

the microsystem
the mesosystem
ecosystem
macrosystem
chronosystem
technosystem

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5
Q

microsystem

A

innermost circle
family, household, and school

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6
Q

mesosystem

A

tangled relationships between and among the Microsystems

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7
Q

ecosystem

A

influences actions and occurrences in the microsystem

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8
Q

macrosystem

A

holds the cultural, social, and rhythmic realm

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9
Q

chronosystem

A

refers to aspects of time and era

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10
Q

technosystem

A

refers to how technology became a virtual lifeline

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11
Q

brief systemic approaches to counseling allow

A

for the conceptualization of children “in motion” in familial-cultural systems and therefor invite larger units of study beyond viewing the student singularly

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12
Q

student’s complex systems are..

A

dynamic
multilayered
intersectional
interactional

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13
Q

threats to healthy youth development

A

suicide
mental health diagnosis

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14
Q

suicide

A

ranks as the second leading cause of death ages 10-24
symptoms include hopelessness, previous attempts, death in family, goodbye letter

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15
Q

mental health disorders

A

an increase has been shown overtime
rarely receive treatment outside of school
young child rarely get treatment for behavior issues

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16
Q

Commonly diagnosed mental disorders in children aged 3-17

A

ADHD: 9.4%
behavior problem: 7.4%
depression and anxiety: 73.8%
depression and behavior problem: 47.2%
anxiety and behavior problem: 37.9%
anxiety and depression: 32.3%
behavior problems and anxiety: 36.6%
behavior problems and depression: 20.3%

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17
Q

mental health first aid (chillag)

A

assists parents, teachers, community members, and nonmetal health individuals to sharpen their observation skills and take effective action to identify youth who may be struggling with risk factors and might be considering suicide

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18
Q

eustress

A

uneasiness or nervousness that works as a motivator
common and experienced by many

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19
Q

contemporary mental health considerations in adolescence

A

anxiety
depression
substance use
body image
abuse
self-injury
bullying
school suspensions and expulsions
sexual identity
sexual orientation
covid-19

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20
Q

anxiety

A

approximately 7% of children 3-17 experience it
group of related conditions with common symptoms (emotional and physical)
feelings of dread, tense or jumpy, irritable, pounding of heart, shortness of breath

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21
Q

Anxiety disorders

A

generalized anxiety disorder
panic disorder
phobias

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22
Q

characteristics of anxiety

A

exaggerated worry about everyday life
intense social fear
feeling of panic and sudden terror
avoidance of certain experiences

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23
Q

significant levels of anxiety can cause

A

inaction
lethargy
freezing

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24
Q

depression

A

approximately 1.9 million children in US
must experience a depressive episode lasting longer than 2 weeks to be diagnosed

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25
Q

symptoms of depression

A

changes in sleep and apetite
lack of concentration
loss of energy
lack of interest in activities
hopelessness or guilty thoughts
physical aches
suicidal thoughts

26
Q

internal factors

A

refer to a person’s traits, feelings, and overall ability to recover
may be genetic or tied to emotional health

27
Q

external factors

A

depict environmental events that may impact a youth’s development, such as home and family circumstances, exposure to social media, or the availability of a support network.

28
Q

substance use

A

86% of teenagers know someone who smokes or uses drugs; 47% report having used a drug by the time they graduated high school,

29
Q

contributing factor to the top three leading causes of death for youth

A

alchohol and substance use

30
Q

body image

A

how individuals view their own physical appearance
can appear as a complex concept and display many different aspects of self-perception

31
Q

eating disorders

A

when body image leads to harmful behaviors
characterized as a psychiatric illness that encompasses extreme fear of gaining weight and a strong desire to be thin
consumes the individual and impairs ability to engage in social activities

32
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

refusal to maintain a normal body weight, characterized by 85% of expected body weight as defined by national norms

33
Q

Anorexia nervosa characteristics

A

extreme weight loss due to restricting food intake or binge/purge eating

34
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

a condition that reoccurs but does not happen consistently
characterized by eating large amounts of food in a short period of time, then purging the food through vomiting, excessive exercising, abusing laxatives
diagnosed 2x as after compared to anorexia

35
Q

binge-eating disorder

A

loss of control over eating, and often an individual will eat large amounts of food in a short period of time
usually done when already full and will not attempt to purge the food

36
Q

Physical effects of eating disorders

A

loss of energy
lower/irregular heartbeat
loss of menstruation
stomach issues
digestion issues
trouble sleeping

37
Q

treatments for eating disorders

A

medical treatment
therapy

38
Q

abuse

A

1 in seven children experienced abuse in the past year

39
Q

self-injury

A

500,000 visits annually last hospitals
defined as a variety of behaviors such as cutting, burning, scraping and skin pricking

40
Q

legal and ethical concerns when working with clients who self-injure

A

must balance confidentiality
assessment

41
Q

bullying

A

20% of students aged 12-18 report experiencing this
decrease from 2005-2017, but prevalence rates continue to be between one and four
defined by unwanted aggressive behavior, power imbalances, and a repetition of these behaviors (can be direct or indirect)

42
Q

direct bullying

A

occurs in the presence of the youth and may include fighting, verbal threats, or destruction of youths property

43
Q

indirect bullying

A

occurs outside of the youths presence and may come in the form of spreading rumors, getting another person to engage in physical aggression, or excluding them from a group or activity

44
Q

cyberbullying

A

involves the use of electronic forms of communication via phone, text, email, or webs tires to harass or harm individuals

45
Q

best practices of school wide prevention programs include

A

comprehensive policies and procedures that foster a safe and supportive learning environment focusing on acceptance and inclusion

46
Q

four steps to changing school climate to reduce the impact of bullying

A
  1. create both school and home environments of warmth
  2. establish firm limits against unacceptable behavior
  3. apply nonphysical, non hostile negative sanctions if a student breaks a rule
  4. expect that all adults in the school hold a responsibility for maintaining a safe and supportive school climate
47
Q

other ways to create positive school climate

A

surveying students to determine their feelings about bullying
develop specific and clean antibullying policies
encourage students to sign a proclamation that they will not bully

48
Q

key strategy to prevent bullying

A

emphasize empathy, kindness, character education, and social-emotional learning for child

49
Q

five steps to teaching empathy in school

A

modeling
teaching
practicing
setting clear expectations
making school culture and climate a priority

50
Q

school suspensions and expulsions

A

occur when students engage in behaviors that significantly violate the code of conduct
appear to negatively affect student outcomes and overall learning environment

51
Q

sexual identity

A

how one understands oneself

52
Q

sexual orientation

A

LGBT youth nearly 5x more likely to attempt suicide than heterosexual kids

53
Q

covid-19

A

children thrive on routine during difficult times; need it to adjust
needs to be unified efforts on all fronts
use three “r”’s

54
Q

the new 3 rs

A

reassurance
routines
regulation

55
Q

Variables that account for positive counseling outcomes (Lambert)

A

the working alliance
sense of hope and expectancy
the extra therapeutic client factors (these three amount for 85% of outcomes)
15%- the theoretical approach

56
Q

The relationship-isolation dilemma

A

though useful for connection, it may be contributing to more social isolation and less social interface

57
Q
A
58
Q

The eight domains of assets

A

support
empowerment
boundaries and expectations
constructive use of time
commitment to learning
positive values
social competencies
positive identity

59
Q

external assets

A

support
empowerment
boundaries and expectations
constructive use of time

60
Q

internal assets

A

commitment to learning
positive values
social competencies
positive identity

61
Q
A

5253: Child and adolescent (6 decks)

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