Ch 11: Child and Adolescent Maltreatment Flashcards
ACEs (adverse childhood experiences)
dramatically changed our knowledge of immediate and long-term negative effects of maltreatment and transformed the way counselors and mental health professionals viewed the impact of maltreatment on children’s development
child abuse and neglect
9/10 is caused by the parents
must vulnerable are infants and young children
Child abuse prevention and treatment act , the reauthorization act of 2010
provided finding and support to states and a national clearinghouse for information
four categories of child maltreatment
physical abuse
sexual abuse
psychological abuse
neglect
**can be intentional or unintentional/fatal or nonfatal/singular, chronic, or long term
physical abuse
the most frequent type of abuse
includes paddling, hitting, burning, shaking, throwing, choking, slapping and kicking with the intent of hurting or threatening to hurt the child
Psychological abuse
deeply affects the quality of the relationship and attachment between the child and parent or caregiver
concurrent with physical or sexual abuse
“a repeated pattern of caregiver behavior or extreme incidents that convey to children that they are worthless, flawed, unloved, unwanted, endangered, or only of value in meetings another’s needs
ASPAC guidelines psychological maltreatments
spurning
terrorizing
isolating
exploiting/corrupting
denying emotional responsiveness
mental health, medical, and educational neglect
sexual abuse
where an older and more powerful person deliberately uses force, coercion or manipulation with a younger and less powerful child for their own sexual gratification
female teens and children experience this more than males
nearly 90% sexual perpetrators know their victims
neglect
failure to provide for a child’s physical and psychological well-being, health, safe living, nutrition, and education
maltreatment by neglect
includes placing a child in serious risk of imminent harm because of poor care, lack of supervision, or caregiver’s use of drugs or alcohol
impact of child abuse on development
normalcy represents life in an unsafe world
do not experience healthy attachments
protective factors
family functioning and resilience
social support
concrete supports
nurturing and attachment
caregiver and practitioner relationship
go hand in hand with caregiver protective capacities
buffer and safeguard parents at risk with coping skills, authoritative and caring parenting, positive discipline, and social support to prevent abuse
factors affecting maltreatment
parents with authoritarian parenting style
homes with substance and alcohol abuse
unfortunate events or day to day stressors
signs and symptoms of maltreatment
physical signs (bruising)
bedwetting
excessive crying
adolescents change their clothing, hair color, style
may change behaviors, cut class, run away
rebellious or distant
may stop paying attention
may avoid friends or seek excessive attention
when children disclose abuse
explain confidentiality clearly
reminds the child when a situation mandates reporting
reporting abuse and neglect
conduct a “minimal facts” interview with child (do not press for details)
report based on reasonable suspicion
age of consent matters in regards to reporting sexual abuse for teenagers
close-in-age consent
when both partners under the age of consent agree consensually to sexual activity
information requested for reporting
who: child id and perpetrator
what: type and frequency of abuse
when: when it happened and when you learned about it
where: where it happened, can perpetrator access the child
how: determine if situation presents imminent danger
court-appointed special advocates (CASA)
trained to advocate for abused and neglected children in juvenile court process
counseling strategies
multimodal counseling
cognitive behavioral therapy
narrative and solution-focused counseling
motivational interviewing
expressive modalities
safe touch and pet therapy
child-centered play therapy
multimodal HELPING model
provides a simple structure for the counselor and the child when establishing needs and goals according to each modality
health
emotions
learning
people (parent, peer, partner, perpetrator)
image
need to know (new information)
guidance of actions, behaviors, and consequences (good decisions)
trauma-informed coping skills
developing a sense of safety
learning self-stabilization and emotional regulation skills
establishing safe communication channels with the counselor, family, teachers, and others
trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT)
works will with children and teens comfortable with structure
incorporates relaxation training, trauma psychoeducation, in vivo trauma exposure, cognitive reprocessing of maladaptive beliefs about abuse, and support from the nonabusing parent or caregiver
TF-CBT case conceptualization model (CRAFTS)
provides a direct skills approach to addressing types of problems
cognitive problems
relationship problems
affective problems
family problems
traumatize behavior problems
somatic problems
PRACTICE protocol
sequences the treatment plan and prepares the parent and the child for conjoint sessions at home
psychoeducation
relaxation
affective modulation
cognitive coping and processing
truma narrative
in vivo mastery of trauma reminders
conjoint parent-child sessions
enhancing future safety and development
narrative therapy
has conversations thather than therapy sessions promotes a nonthreatening, egalitarian environment that fosters multiple ways to share the abuse experiences of youth
solution-focuses miracle question
promotes future-oriented thinking and unique solutions thither than problem-focused talk
motivational interviewing (MI)
appeals to teenagers who experienced sexual abuse from a parent or trusted adult and who may believe parents pushed counseling on to them
strengthens an adolescents own power for decision-making
increases teenage “change talk” and diminishes “sustain talk” to support their capacity to make good decisions
OARS
open questions
affirmation
reflection
summary
**to respond to change talk
expressive modalities
art, clay, music, sand tray, photography, etc.
gives them a voice without using words
family support
remains the most significant single predictor of the Childs healing and recovery from trauma
family issues include
discipline
corporal punishment’
domestic violence
shaming
ostracizing
filial therapy
trains parents to lead play sessions with their children
prevention and early intervention
educating parents and connecting with support groups and prevention programs
handle with care
exemplifies a simple but highly effective trauma -informed initiative that communicates serious needs for children affected by family traumas that interfere with childs ability to learn (police informs school to handle with care)
statewide interprofessional ACEs coalition of stakeholders
tear down silos and increase communication ad collaboration among all professionals who work with children affected by traumatic stress
focuses on seriousness of trauma and what to do about the trauma
