Ch 11: Child and Adolescent Maltreatment

Question 1

ACEs (adverse childhood experiences)

Answer 1

dramatically changed our knowledge of immediate and long-term negative effects of maltreatment and transformed the way counselors and mental health professionals viewed the impact of maltreatment on children’s development

Question 2

child abuse and neglect

Answer 2

9/10 is caused by the parents
must vulnerable are infants and young children

Question 3

Child abuse prevention and treatment act , the reauthorization act of 2010

Answer 3

provided finding and support to states and a national clearinghouse for information

Question 4

four categories of child maltreatment

Answer 4

physical abuse
sexual abuse
psychological abuse
neglect
**can be intentional or unintentional/fatal or nonfatal/singular, chronic, or long term

Question 5

physical abuse

Answer 5

the most frequent type of abuse
includes paddling, hitting, burning, shaking, throwing, choking, slapping and kicking with the intent of hurting or threatening to hurt the child

Question 6

Psychological abuse

Answer 6

deeply affects the quality of the relationship and attachment between the child and parent or caregiver
concurrent with physical or sexual abuse
“a repeated pattern of caregiver behavior or extreme incidents that convey to children that they are worthless, flawed, unloved, unwanted, endangered, or only of value in meetings another’s needs

Question 7

ASPAC guidelines psychological maltreatments

Answer 7

spurning
terrorizing
isolating
exploiting/corrupting
denying emotional responsiveness
mental health, medical, and educational neglect

Question 8

sexual abuse

Answer 8

where an older and more powerful person deliberately uses force, coercion or manipulation with a younger and less powerful child for their own sexual gratification
female teens and children experience this more than males
nearly 90% sexual perpetrators know their victims

Question 9

neglect

Answer 9

failure to provide for a child’s physical and psychological well-being, health, safe living, nutrition, and education

Question 10

maltreatment by neglect

Answer 10

includes placing a child in serious risk of imminent harm because of poor care, lack of supervision, or caregiver’s use of drugs or alcohol

Question 11

impact of child abuse on development

Answer 11

normalcy represents life in an unsafe world
do not experience healthy attachments

Question 12

protective factors

Answer 12

family functioning and resilience
social support
concrete supports
nurturing and attachment
caregiver and practitioner relationship
go hand in hand with caregiver protective capacities
buffer and safeguard parents at risk with coping skills, authoritative and caring parenting, positive discipline, and social support to prevent abuse

Question 13

factors affecting maltreatment

Answer 13

parents with authoritarian parenting style
homes with substance and alcohol abuse
unfortunate events or day to day stressors

Question 14

signs and symptoms of maltreatment

Answer 14

physical signs (bruising)
bedwetting
excessive crying
adolescents change their clothing, hair color, style
may change behaviors, cut class, run away
rebellious or distant
may stop paying attention
may avoid friends or seek excessive attention

Question 15

when children disclose abuse

Answer 15

explain confidentiality clearly
reminds the child when a situation mandates reporting

Question 16

reporting abuse and neglect

Answer 16

conduct a “minimal facts” interview with child (do not press for details)
report based on reasonable suspicion
age of consent matters in regards to reporting sexual abuse for teenagers

Question 17

close-in-age consent

Answer 17

when both partners under the age of consent agree consensually to sexual activity

Question 18

information requested for reporting

Answer 18

who: child id and perpetrator
what: type and frequency of abuse
when: when it happened and when you learned about it
where: where it happened, can perpetrator access the child
how: determine if situation presents imminent danger

Question 19

court-appointed special advocates (CASA)

Answer 19

trained to advocate for abused and neglected children in juvenile court process

Question 20

counseling strategies

Answer 20

multimodal counseling
cognitive behavioral therapy
narrative and solution-focused counseling
motivational interviewing
expressive modalities
safe touch and pet therapy
child-centered play therapy

Question 21

multimodal HELPING model

Answer 21

provides a simple structure for the counselor and the child when establishing needs and goals according to each modality
health
emotions
learning
people (parent, peer, partner, perpetrator)
image
need to know (new information)
guidance of actions, behaviors, and consequences (good decisions)

Question 22

trauma-informed coping skills

Answer 22

developing a sense of safety
learning self-stabilization and emotional regulation skills
establishing safe communication channels with the counselor, family, teachers, and others

Question 23

trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT)

Answer 23

works will with children and teens comfortable with structure
incorporates relaxation training, trauma psychoeducation, in vivo trauma exposure, cognitive reprocessing of maladaptive beliefs about abuse, and support from the nonabusing parent or caregiver

Question 24

TF-CBT case conceptualization model (CRAFTS)

Answer 24

provides a direct skills approach to addressing types of problems
cognitive problems
relationship problems
affective problems
family problems
traumatize behavior problems
somatic problems

Question 25

PRACTICE protocol

Answer 25

sequences the treatment plan and prepares the parent and the child for conjoint sessions at home
psychoeducation
relaxation
affective modulation
cognitive coping and processing
truma narrative
in vivo mastery of trauma reminders
conjoint parent-child sessions
enhancing future safety and development

Question 26

narrative therapy

Answer 26

has conversations thather than therapy sessions promotes a nonthreatening, egalitarian environment that fosters multiple ways to share the abuse experiences of youth

Question 27

solution-focuses miracle question

Answer 27

promotes future-oriented thinking and unique solutions thither than problem-focused talk

Question 28

motivational interviewing (MI)

Answer 28

appeals to teenagers who experienced sexual abuse from a parent or trusted adult and who may believe parents pushed counseling on to them
strengthens an adolescents own power for decision-making
increases teenage “change talk” and diminishes “sustain talk” to support their capacity to make good decisions

Question 29

OARS

Answer 29

open questions
affirmation
reflection
summary
**to respond to change talk

Question 30

expressive modalities

Answer 30

art, clay, music, sand tray, photography, etc.
gives them a voice without using words

Question 32

family support

Answer 32

remains the most significant single predictor of the Childs healing and recovery from trauma

Question 33

family issues include

Answer 33

discipline
corporal punishment’
domestic violence
shaming
ostracizing

Question 34

filial therapy

Answer 34

trains parents to lead play sessions with their children

Question 35

prevention and early intervention

Answer 35

educating parents and connecting with support groups and prevention programs

Question 36

handle with care

Answer 36

exemplifies a simple but highly effective trauma -informed initiative that communicates serious needs for children affected by family traumas that interfere with childs ability to learn (police informs school to handle with care)

Question 37

statewide interprofessional ACEs coalition of stakeholders

Answer 37

tear down silos and increase communication ad collaboration among all professionals who work with children affected by traumatic stress
focuses on seriousness of trauma and what to do about the trauma