Ch 1 Flashcards
what does a youths level of development impact
readiness to adapt
how they respond to therapy and coping strategies
cognitive activities
all psych processes that involve thinking/knowing/processing/acquiring info
nature
inherited factors/interactions that further development
development
maturing process resulting from child interaction with environment
what causes development deficits
trauma
What does development programs help develop?
cog/social skills
enhance future earnings
disrupt intergenerational cycles of poverty
development is similar across countries but…
rate differs between countries
developmental theories
lay strong foundation for treatment and preventative interventions
explains how human behavior develops and helps provide foundation for changes in behavior
4 prominent theoretical frameworks
piget: cog theory of development
maslow: heirarchy of needs
vygotsky: socio-cultural approach
bandura: social-emotional learning theory
impacts on children’s growth
typical: puberty, milstones, etc.
atypical: school shootings, abuse, etc.
executive function (EF)
first appears at end of 1st year of life and develops across ages (specifically 2-5yrs)
adult level at age 12
traumatized children may…
affect general info processing
avoid triggers/stimuli causing emotional disconnect
diminished interest in activities
difficulty expressing emotion/controlling anger
Piaget’s cognitive theory of development
believes human intelligence as process of adaptation
emphasis on individual experiences
2 guiding principles of cog theory (agents of development)
assimilation
accommodation
developmental tasks:
object permanence
animism
reversibility
ego-centrisms
schemata
ongoing cog/mental structures by which people adapt to and organize their environment
assists in processing stimuli
Piaget believes
there is a link between child cognitive development and natural maturation of brain
assimilation
process of using knowledge and connecting this reality into one’s current cog structure
accommodation
advanced modifications in cog organization that result from new environment experiences
result of assimilation and accommodation
by fully understanding experiences through assimilation, children accommodate by making small cognitive adjustments
Piaget definition of intelligence
Childs ability to physically/mentally adapt to the environment
Piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development
sensorimotor
pre-operational
concrete operational
formal operational
equilibrium
an adaptive need whereby the child continuously pursues throughout life a state of cognitive balance between assimilation and accommodation
4 interactive factors that impact cognitive development
maturation
active experiences
social interaction
general progression of equilibrium
sensorimotor intelligence (0-2yrs)
focuses on motor skills
mostly reflexive
object permanence
1-4 months hand eye coordination
8-12 months learn means to an end
new schemata
incorporate old ones, NOT replace them
pre-operational thought (2-7yrs)
Childs interaction with environment fosters social develop
begin to think about navigating environment
more aware of rules
perception over reasoning
develop of language and symbols
characteristics:
geocentricism, centration , reversibility, and conservation
egocentricism
child cannot perceive the view of others; believes their view is the only one
animism
notion that fake objects appear alive to children with underdeveloped cognitive processing (EX: Elmo)
centration
Childs inability to examine all properties/appearances at a visual stimulus
reversibility
when a child can reverse a series of steps using basic reasoning
conservation (age 7)
relates to how well children conceptualize the amount/quantity of matter remaining the same regardless of dimension of a container
concrete operations (7-11yrs)
child begins to apply cog/affective reasoning/logic
child develops ability to understand concepts
views things from other peoples point of view
child makes own moral judgement
begin to understand consequences
formal operations (11-15yrs)
display greater range of application and logic to thought processes
highest level of reasoning
can handle complex issues
cog process almost adult level
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
five stages:
basic needs (food, shelter, etc)
safety
love and belonging
esteem
self-actualization
