Ch 8 Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Tubular space or channel within any organ or structure of the body
Lumen
the contraction phase
systole
aneurysm/o
widened blood vessel
angi/o
vessel
ather/o
fatty plaque
hemangi/o
blood vessel
sept/o
septum
sphygm/o
pulse
sten/o
narrowing
-sphyxia
pulse
the relaxation phase
diastole
localized abnormal dilation of a vessel usually an artery
aneurysm
soft blowing sound heard on auscultation, possibly due to vibrations associated with the mov’t of blood, vavular action, or both; also called a murmur
bruit
any disease or weakening of heart muscle that diminishes cardiac function
cardiomyopathy
narrowing of a vessel especially the aorta
coarctation
blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the body, especially those in the legs or thighs
deep vein thrombosis DVT
calculation of how much blood a ventricle can eject with one contraction
ejection fraction
quivering or spontaneous muscle contractions, especially of the heart, causing ineffectual contractions
fibrillation
arrest of bleeding or circulation
hemostasis
implantable battery-powered device that monitors and automatically corrects ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation by sending electrical impulses to the heart
implantable cardioverter-defibrillator ICD
area of tissue that undergoes necrosis following cessation of blood supply
infarct
local and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to circulatory obstruction
ischemia
common and occasionally serious condition in which the leaflets of the mitral valve prolapse into the left atrium during systole causing a characteristic murmur heard on auscultation
mitral valve prolapse
chemical radioactive material used as a tracer to follow a substance through the body or a structure
radioisotope
failure of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth, allowing blood to flow from the aorta into the pulmonary (lung) artery
patent ductus arteriosus
circulation of blood through tissues or the passage of fluids through vessels of an organ
perfusion
congenital anomaly consisting of four elements: 1. pulmonary artery stenosis 2. interventricular septal defect 3. transposition of the aoirta so that both ventricles empty into the aorta 4. right ventricular hypertrophy caused by increased workload of the right ventricle
tetralogy of Fallot
slender or threadlike device used to hold open vessels, tubes, or obstructed arteries
stent
blood clot that obstructs a vessel
thrombus
ECG taken with a small portable recording system capable of storing up to 24 hours of ECG tracings
Holter monitor test
blood test that measures troponin T, troponin I, and creatinine kinase
cardiac enzyme studies
series of tests used to assess risk factors of ischemic heart disease
lipid panel
nuclear procedure that uses radioactive tracers to produce movie-like images of the structures of the heart, including the myocardium and the mitral and tricuspid valves
multiple-gated aquisition MUGA
imaging technique that provides a graphic display of heart sound and murmurs during the cardiac cycle
phonocardiography
diagnostic test that uses radiation emitted by the body after an injection of radioactive substances to create images of various organs or identify body functions and diseases
scintigraphy
injection of a chemical irritant into a vein to produce inflammation and fibrosis that destroys the lumen of the vein
sclerotherapy
radiography of a vein after injection of a contrast medium to detect incomplete filling of a vein, which indicates obstruction
venography
procedure to restore normal rhythm of the heart by applying a controlled electrical shock to the exterior of the chest
cardioversion
technique used to block blood flow to a site by passing a catheter to the area and injecting a synthetic material or medication specially designed to occlude the blood vessel
embolization
procedure that alters a vessel through surgery or dilation of the vessel using a balloon catheter
angioplasty
surgical procedure that uses a vessel graft from another part of the body to bypass the blocked part of a coronary artery and restore blood supply to the heart muscle
coronary artery bypass graft
dilation of an occluded vessel using a balloon catheter under fluoroscopic guidance
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
removal of a material from an occluded vessel using a specially designed catheter fitted with a cutting or grinding device
atherectomy
destruction of conduction tissue of the heart to interrupt the abnormal conduction pathway causing the arrhythmia, thus allowing normal heart rhythm to resume
catheter ablation
surgical separation if the leaflets or the mitral valve, which have fused together at their points of touching
commissurotomy
procedure used to remove or treat varicose veins
laser ablation
tying a varicose vein followed by removal of the affected segment
ligation and stripping
surgical procedure performed on or within the exposed heart, usually with the assistance of a heart-lung machine
open heart surgery
puncturing of the pericardium to remove excess fluid from the pericardial sac or to test for protein, sugar, and enzymes or determine the causative organism of pericarditis
pericardiocentesis
destruction of a blood clot using anticlotting agents called clot busters, such as tissue plasminogen activator
thrombolysis
incision of a valve to increase the size of the opening; used in treating mitral stenosis
valvotomy
dilate blood vessels of the heart, causing an increase in the amount of oxygen delivered to the myocardium, and decrease venous return and arterial resistance, which decreases myocardial oxygen demand and relieves angina
nitrates
lower cholesterol in the blood and reduce its production in the liver by blocking the enzyme that produces it
statins
