Ch 14 Nervous System Flashcards
carry or move inward or toward a central structure
afferent
protective mechanism that blocks specific substances found in the bloodstream from entering delicate brain tissue
blood brain barrier
network of nervous tissue found in the brain and spinal cord
central nervous system CNS
carry or move away from a central structure
efferent
additional sheath external to myelin that is formed by Schwann cells and found only on axons in the peripheral nervous system
neurilemma
dendr/o
tree
crani/o
cranium/skull
gli/o
glue, neuroglial tissue
lept/o
thin,slender
lex/o
word, phrase
radicul/o
nerve root
sthen/o
strength
thec/o
sheath
ton/o
tension
-algesia
pain
-asthenia
weakness, debility
-lepsy
seizure
-paresis
partial paralysis
-taxia
order, coordination
pachy-
thick
syn
union, together, joined
Inability to comprehend auditory, visual, spatial, olfactory, or other sensation even though the sensory sphere is intact.
agnosia
Weakness, debility, or loss of strength
asthesia
Lack or muscle coordination in the execution of voluntary movement
ataxia
Premonitory awareness of an approaching physical or mental disorder, peculiar sensation that precedes seizures
aura
Developmental disorder characterized by extreme withdrawal and an abnormal absorption in fantasy, usually accompanied by an inability to communicate even on a basic level.
autism
Injury to the head in which the dura mater remains intact and brain tissue is not exposed
closed head trauma
Abnormally deep unconsciousness with absence of voluntary response to stimuli
coma
Injury to the brain, occasionally with transient loss of consciousness as a result of injury or trauma to the head
concussion
Any sudden and violent contraction of one of more muscles
convulsion
Broad term that refers to cognitive deficit, including memory impairment
dementia
Autoimmune condition that causes acute inflammation of the peripheral nerves in which myelin sheaths on the axons are destroyed, resulting in decreased nerve impulses, loss of reflex response, and sudden muscle weakness
Guillain-Barre syndrome
Painful acture infectious disease of the posterior root ganglia of only a few segments of the spinal or cranial nerves; also called shingles
herpes zoster
Inherited disease of the CNS characterized by quick, involuntary movements, speech disturbances, and mental deterioration
Huntington chorea
Accumulation of fluid in the ventricles of the brain, causing increased intracranial pressure (ICP), thinning of brain tissue, and separation of cranial bones
hydrocephalus
Nonpsychotic mental illness that triggers feelings of distress and anxiety and impairs normal behavior
neurosis
Paralysis, usually partial and commonly characterized by weakness and shaking or uncontrolled tremor
palsy
Facial paralysis caused by a functional disorder of the 7th cranial nerve, associated with herpes virus
Bell’s palsy
Type of paralysis that affects movement and body position and sometimes speech and learning ability
cerebral palsy
Major emotional disorder in which contact with reality is lost to the point that the individual is incapable of meeting challenges of daily life
psychosis
Defect in which the neural tube fails to close during embryogenesis
spina bifida
sensation of numbness, prickling, tingling, or heightened sensitivity
paresthesia
inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord caused by a virus, commonly resulting in spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis
poliomyelitis
Acute encephalopathy and fatty infiltration of the brain, liver, and possibly the pancreas, heart, kidney, spleen, and lymph nodes
Reye syndrome
Severe pain in the leg along the course of the sciatic nerve felt at the base of the spine, down the thigh, and radiating down the leg due to a compressed nerve
sciatica
General type of seizure characterized by the loss of consciousness and stiffening of the body followed by rhythmic jerking movements
tonic-clonic seizure
Temporary interference with blood supply to the brain lasting from a few minutes to a few hours
transient ischemic attack (TIA)
Recording of electrical activity in the brain, whose cells emit distinct patterns of rhythmic electrical impulses
electroencephalography (EEG)
Recording of electrical signals that occur in a muscle when it is at rest and during contraction to assess nerve damage
electromyography (EMG)
Needle puncture of the spinal cavity to extract spinal fluid for diagnostic purposes, introduce anesthetic agents into the spinal canal, or remove fluid to allow other fluids to be injected
Lumbar puncture
test that measures the speed at which impulses travel through a nerve
nerve conduction velocity (NCV)
Series of chemical, microscopic, and microbial tests used to diagnose disorders of the CNS, including viral and bacterial infections, tumors, and hemorrhage
cerebrospinal fluid CSF analysis
Precise method of locating and destroying sharply circumscribed lesion on specific tiny areas of pathological tissue in deep-seated structures of the CNS
stereotaxic radiosurgery
Partial destruction of the thalamus to treat intractable pain, involuntary movements, or emotional disturbances
thalamotomy
Transection of a nerve tract in the brainstem or spinal cord
tractotomy
Techinique that cuts a circular opening into the skull to reveal brain tissue and decrease intracranial pressure
trephination
Interruption of the function of the vagus nerve to relieve peptic ulcer
vagotomy
