CH 8 Flashcards
Culture
The shared set of beliefs, values, knowledge, and patterns of behavior common to a group of people
Organizational culture
AKA corporate culture
the set of shared, taken-for-granted implicit assumptions that a group holds and that determines how it perceives, thinks about, and reacts to its various environments
How can culture influence performance in the workplace?
1) helps employees understand why the organization does what it does and how it intends to accomplish its long-term goals
2) it binds members of the organization together through shared understanding
What are the 3 levels of organizational culture?
1) observable artifacts
*physical manifestations of culture
ex: decor, behavior, rituals, clothing
2) espoused values
*explicitly stated values and norms (preferred by an organization, as may be put forth by the firm’s founders or top managers)
*stated values and slogans
3) basic assumptions
*core values of the organization
*deeply held beliefs or values
What are norms?
General guidelines or rules of behavior that most group or team members follow
What are values?
Abstract ideals that guide one’s thinking and behavior across all situations; the relatively permanent and deeply held underlying beliefs and attitudes that help determine a person’s behavior
What are enacted values?
The values and norms actually exhibited in the organization
What are basic assumptions?
They represent the unobservable yet core values of an organization’s culture that are often taken for granted
*very difficult to change
What is organizational socialization and its 3 phases?
The process by which people learn the values, norms, and required behaviors that permit them to participate as members of an organization
1) anticipatory socialization phase
*occurs before you join the organization
2) encounter phase
*takes place when you are hired
3) change and acquisition phase
*comes about once you have developed a strong sense of your work role
How do employees learn the organizational culture?
Through stories, rites and rituals, and organizational socialization.
What is the competing values framework (CVF)?
It’s a framework that provides a practical way for managers to understand, measure, and change organizational culture
What are the four types of organizational culture according to the CVF?
1) clan
*internal focus and values flexibility rather than stability and control
*uses collaboration
*strong norms rather than formal rules and authority figures
2) adhocracy
*external focus and values flexibility
*strategic thrust is creation of new and innovative products and services
*encourages creativity, adaptability, and quick responses to changes
*encourages ppl to take risks and experiment
3) market
*strong external focus and values stability and control
*prioritizes customers, productivity, and winning rather than employee development and satisfaction
*expects workers to work hard, proactively react, and deliver quality work on time (whoever delivers results will be rewarded)
4) hierarchy
*internal focus and values stability and control over flexibility
*formalized and structured work environment, lots of rules
What are the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the CVF?
HORIZONTAL
inward focus or outward focus?
VERTICAL
flexibility or stability?
What is organizational design?
It is concerned with designing the optimal structures of accountability and responsibility that an organization uses to execute its strategies
What is a hollow structure?
AKA network structure
The organization has a central core of key functions and outsources other functions to vendors who can do them cheaper or faster
- a company with a hollow structure might retain such important core processes as design or marketing and outsource most other processes, such as human resources, warehousing, or distribution, thereby seeming to “hollow out” the organization
What is a modular structure?
A firm assembles product chunks, or modules, provided by outside contractors
The modular structure differs from the hollow structure in that it is oriented around outsourcing certain _____ _____ ______ ______ rather than outsourcing certain ________ (such as human resources or warehousing) of an organization.
pieces of a product, processes
What is a virtual structure?
Employees are geographically spread apart, usually co-working through remote working software such as Slack, Zoom, and Microsoft Teams
