Ch 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Second-degree murder

A

involves the killing of another but without the element of premeditation.

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2
Q

Manslaughter

A

defined as the unlawful killing of another without malice or premeditation either voluntarily or involuntarily. Voluntary manslaughter involves a killing that is done in the heat of passion.

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3
Q

The corpus delicti of all criminal homicide comprises the following:

A

An evidentiary showing

  1. of the death of a human being
  2. of a criminal agency
  3. that the criminal agency was the proximate cause of the death
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4
Q

Criminal agency

A

means that the death was caused by another person’s unlawful act or omission.

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5
Q

In homicide cases

A

autopsy performed on the victim is an extension of the crime scene and offers an additional opportunity to search for clues and evidence useful in the investigation.

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6
Q

lividity

A

The areas of the body showing lividity indicate the position after death. Wounds and their appearance are particularly significant as they often assist in reconstructing the circumstances of a crime, as well as the nature of the murder weapon and the manner of its use.

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7
Q

Surgical Procedures.

A

Surgery that took place during the lifetime of the victim may also aid in identification.

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8
Q

No dental database

A

There is no database for dental records. In order to obtain these records the deceased person’s dentist must be located, and in order to do that the investigator must have an idea who the deceased person is.

male teeth have longer root lengths.

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9
Q

window of death.

A

who talked to the deceased victim prior to the fatal assault, either in person or over a telephone.

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10
Q

algor mortis.

A

After death the body begins to cool

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11
Q

Rigor Mortis

A

Biochemical changes in the body after death produce stiffening of the muscles, 2-6 hours after death. Goes away after 2-3 days

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12
Q

postmortem lividity

A

Due to gravity, when the blood stops circulating, it begins to settle to the lowest portion of the body.

noticeable approximately within one hour after death and is fully developed within three to four hours.

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13
Q

Decomposition, or putrefaction

A

Autolysis occurs by a chemical breakdown of the body that results in the softening and liquefaction of body tissue.

And

Bacterial action converts body tissue into liquids and gases. Within twenty-four hours, a discoloration of the skin is noticeable. This greenish-red or bluegreen color change is pronounced within thirty-six hours.

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14
Q

CRIME SCENE

A
  1. Evidence
  2. Witness(es)
  3. Suspect(s)
  4. Crime Theory

Be alert at the approach to and the entrance to the crime area for the perpetrator and others leaving the crime scene.

warning all present not to smoke, use any plumbing (sinks, tubs, showers, toilet) or towels, touch any objects or surfaces at the scene, or walk in or otherwise contaminate blood traces at the scene.

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15
Q

Post Scene

A

1.Cause of Death
2. Time of Death
3.Criminal Agency
4.Crime Theory

Determine time of death; bracket the time period. a. Witness(es) who saw victim alive or talked to victim by telephone before his or her death b. Witness(es) who discovered victim (the crime)

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16
Q

LEAD DEVELOPMENT

A
  1. Victim
  2. Last Hours
  3. Motive
  4. Opportunities

Determine the victim’s background and activities. 2. Investigate the victim’s last hours. a. Contacts b. Activity at time of death and before death

Opportunity

17
Q

IDENTIFICATION AND ARREST

A
  1. Identification of Killer
  2. Focus Case
  3. Negative Evidence
    a. Alibi
    b. Self-defense
    c. Intent i. Mental state of suspect ii. Sobriety of suspect iii. Crime record of suspect
    d. Crime or treatment (medical, psychiatric) records of witnesses and victim
  4. Arrest
18
Q

CASE PREPARATION

A
  1. Final Crime Theory
  2. Review Evidence
  3. Reinvestigate

Prosecution

19
Q

Factors likely to influence physicians to link discovered injuries in a child with child abuse include the following:

A
  1. Delays in seeking medical care
  2. Injuries not reported by parent or guardian
  3. Bruises or broken bones in an infant
  4. Age dating of bruises indicating that they were sustained at different times (Figure 8-2)
  5. Characteristic wraparound bruises caused by whipping with a belt, rope, or electrical cord
  6. Discrepancies in the story of a parent or guardian as to how the injuries happened: described circumstances inconsistent with the nature of the injuries