Ch 8

Question 1

The vast majority of contacts the police have with members of the community are initiated by ______________.

Answer 1

Citizens

Question 2

Today, because of greater reliance on governmental services and a diminishing role of the traditional social institutions, the police are the _______________ agency in society.

Answer 2

primary social control

Question 3

The vast majority of problems the police deal with are not caused by deviant or dangerous people; rather, they are caused by social conditions that are a direct result of _______________.

Answer 3

poor public policy

Question 4

Problem solving by the police should not be restricted to crime. Three issues are the province of police and affect how the police respond to crime problems:

Answer 4

1. Social issues
2. Health issues
3. Quality of life

Question 5

If the police depart from focusing on incidents, the next step in the hierarchy of problem-solving is ________________.

Answer 5

identifying dangerous places or crime hotspots

Question 6

A _____________ is a location (specific) that attract criminals and results in high levels of violent crime.

Answer 6

dangerous place

Question 7

On the other hand, a __________ is a geographical concentration of crime

Answer 7

hotspot

Question 8

Land-use and the configuration or structures of cities play an important role in crime. Those areas adjacent to the_________________ in large cities often experience higher levels of traditional crime.

Answer 8

central business district

Question 9

Low income housing and public housing projects tend to have elevated levels of street crime. These neighborhoods are in transition with fewer permanent residents , which results in ___________________ of crime.

Answer 9

less guardianship and increased levels

Question 10

houses and businesses on primary roadways leading to __________ tend to experience more vandalism and minor crimes, such as larceny, as students travel to and from school.

Answer 10

high schools

Question 11

A hotspot should not exceed a ______ in size.

Answer 11

block

Question 12

Hotspots thar are located at intersections should not exceed ______ block in either direction of the hotspot epicenter

Answer 12

1/2

Question 13

Hotspots are not necessarily inherent in a location but rather constructed based on____________.

Answer 13

behavior and social interaction

Question 14

This refers to process whereby individual offices, police units, or the police department collectively examine the community for problems or hotspots. These problems typically are exhibited through high levels of crime or complaints they also result in large numbers of calls to the police.

Answer 14

Scanning

Question 15

It is important that the_________ explicitly identifies the problem and the boundaries

Answer 15

scanning phase

Question 16

Once a problem, quality of life issue, Dangerous place, or hotspot is identified, offices attempt to collect information about it. Basically, they attempt to learn the who, what, when, we, and how of the problem. This refers to what part in SARA

Answer 16

Analysis

Question 17

Boba and Crank Advised that the goal of analysis is to determine why a ____________.

Answer 17

problem is occurring

Question 18

The two most commonly used sources for addressing problems were ___________.

Answer 18

personal observations and speaking with people

Question 19

Once a problem or hotspot is clearly identified and analyze, the police must then structure an effective response. This means the police must deal with the cause or causes of the problem rather than its symptoms. This refers to what part of SARA

Answer 19

Response

Question 20

Scott (2000), upon examining a number of successful problem-solving efforts, found that on average Department implemented ______ different strategies when attempting to solve a problem

Answer 20

five

Question 21

______________ is one of the most neglected phases of problem solving. Once there is a response by the police or other government agency, the police must assess the response to see if it worked in a lemonade or reduce the problem. At the strategy did not result in an acceptable outcome, the police by three analyze the problem and fashion another response

Answer 21

Assessment

Question 22

Clarke (1998) found that ___________ tend to be the dominant assessment modality, especially for small problem solving projects. Observation cannot be relied upon for complex problems solving.

Answer 22

personal observations

Question 23

Witte, Travis and langworty (1990) Found that officers were more likely to be more involved in community policing and problem-solving when their supervisors had ___________. Institutionalization forces supervisors and middle manages to be more committed.

Answer 23

higher levels of commitment