Ch 2

Question 1

Policing shifted from an informal to a formal system; this change also meant a shift away from direct community input and control. As we will see, most transformations in policing were the result of five inter-related pressures

Answer 1

1. Continued population growth
   2. The shift from agrarian to industrial economy
2. Increase complexity in inequity in the distribution of materials
3. The crowding of people into cities
   5. Advances in technology

Question 2

Each effort to improve police efficiency and effectiveness was a response to an obvious social problem, but few recognize the downside to each change was increasing __________ from the community.

Answer 2

isolation

Question 3

According to William each. Hewitt, the history of law-enforcement in England can be divided into three distinct, successive periods:

Answer 3

1. Citizens, law and order among themselves
2. Justice of the peace
   3. Paid police force

Question 4

The dramatic rise of __________________ in the in the 18th century significantly accelerated the pace of social change

Answer 4

Industrial revolution

Question 5

The _______________ Prohibited workers from meeting, organizing, and striking against their masters to improve working conditions

Answer 5

Combination laws

Question 6

The visionary sir Robert peel, acknowledged as the father of modern policing, introduced the _______________.

Answer 6

Metropolitan police act of 1829

Question 7

The laws in place were also a curious land of criminal codes and so-called ________________ a peculiar American phenomenon where religious groups successfully lobbying to make custom criminal laws. Many of these laws related to the seal in consumption of alcohol, either restricting its seal to certain time or places or banning it out right in specific areas. And other cases blah is regulated everything from store hours to public dancing.

Answer 7

Blue laws

Question 8

According to Richard M. Brown in violence in America, vigilantheism is based on three rationizations:

Answer 8

1. Self preservation

2. Write of revolution
3. Economic rational

Question 9

The ___________________ , Which has become the modern day foundation for police legal liability for civil rights violations, passed in large part because of involvement of law-enforcement in the activities of KKK

Answer 9

Civil rights act of 1871

Question 10

Oakland, California police chief _______________is credited with launching the American police reform movement.

Answer 10

August Vollmer

Question 11

In their analysis of this reform movement, George L, Kelling and Mark H. Moore propose that Vollmers moral vision, coupled with O. W. Wilson’s work in police administration, revolutionize policing and seven areas:

Answer 11

1. Authorization
2. function
3. Organizational design
4. Demand for services
5. Relationship to environment
6. Tactics/technology
7. Outcomes

Question 12

One promising new approach that became popular beginning in the early 1970s was ______________, which involved maintaining a permanent team of officers that responded to crime problems within a particular geographic area.

Answer 12

Team Policing 

Question 13

Community policing routines from these lessons of history a sincere commitment to improving police relations with ____________ and a concerned effort to end_________.

Answer 13

Minorities, police brutality

Question 14

The lessons of history teaches that the biggest challenge the police face is finding a way to _________________ and ________________ Efforts to make their life safer and more enjoyable, a way to earn dignity and respect.

Answer 14

Enlist the cooperation, support of average people