Ch 1 Flashcards
All four facets must exist if a department is indeed implementing community policing the four major facets are
- philosophical facet
- organizational and personal facet
3. strategic facet - programmatic facet
Community policing is often confused with:
Problem oriented policing and community oriented policing
Community policing consists of two primary components
- Community partnerships
2. Problem solving
The engagement by the police with the community to cooperatively resolve community problems is
Community partnerships
When community police officers attempt to deal with the conditions that cause crime and negativity affect the quality of life in a community
Problem solving
Community policing also embodies an organizational strategy that allows police departments to
Decentralize service and re-orient patrol (Skogan & hartnett)
The CPO has responsibility for a specific beat or geographical area and works as a _______________ Who considers making arrests as only one of the many viable tools, if only temporary, to address community problems
Generalist
The police must begin to see themselves as part of the community rather than separate from the community. In its ideal form, community policing is a_______________, rather Then a representative top down approach to addressing contemporary community life
Grassroots form of participation
When problems are resolved there is a higher level of civility and tranquility in a community the two primary components of community policing are:
- Community partnerships
2. Problem solving
As a result of the violent crime control and law enforcement act of 1994 and its provisions to fund 100,000 more CPO’s, most police departments in the United States now say they ascribe to
Community policing
In 2010, Reeves (2010) reported that________ % of Police departments have community policing as part of the mission statements
53%
Community policing has become an important part of policing in all but the
Smallest departments
Community policing dictates that police departments move from law-enforcement or crime fighting as the primary function. The police should have a broader function
That incorporates:
- fear reduction,
- order maintenance,
- and community health.
Crime can be affected only through the control and manipulation of
Social conditions and public policy
This change in police philosophy emanates from three general observations
- Research examining police operations in crime statistics show that police are not effective, nor will they become effective, in controlling crime by law-enforcement alone
- Fear has a greater debilitating effect on a community or individuals than does actual crime or crime rates
-  Reviews of police activities show that the majority of calls and the vast amount of time police spend on the job are of a non-crime nature
Research shows that often times an individuals level of fear of crime bears no relationship to the actual amount of ________________ or __________________.
Crime or victimization
Police sponsored fear reduction programs have the potential to yield positive results in a number of areas:
- Community participation in crime prevention programs
- Increased crime reporting
- Positive relations with people
( zhoa, scheiber & thurman )
Even more important, the police must address the sources that caused fear of crime —- most often:
The politicization of crime and the medias construction of crime
_________________ can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of police programs in terms of fear reduction or attitudes towards the police. They also gauge behavior such as victimization or crime prevention efforts. Finally, they can also be used to collect data to assist the police in establishing community goals and priorities (Peak & Glensor)
Survey information
Community policing gets people involved in developing communities through
Two way communication
The primary role of the police is not to arrest people, write citations, or answer calls. These activities are merely tools by which to accomplish the police primary objective _________________________ and ____________________ of a community
Ensuring the safety and domestic tranquility
_______________ Is the lifeblood of both traditional and community policing
Information
Community policing, in its ideal sense, is a form of ________________ whereby officers are allowed to experiment with a variety of tactics that directly involve people
Accountable creativity
Community policing dictates that the police follow the “_______________ “ when dealing with situations in forcing the law.
“ Will of the community” 
Police departments must ________________ their organizations to be more responsive to the community
Decentralize
A philosophical change, as required with the implementation of community policing, generally is enumerated in a departments mission statement. Mission statements should endorse the most essential aspect of the community policing philosophy:
Given people the power to set the police agenda in developing people based accountability of the police.
The Community police officer acts as an ___________________, looking beyond individual crime incidents for new ways to solve problems.
Innovator
Community policing has at least three strategic facets. These facets include
- _______
- ________
- _________
These three parameters should guide operational planning when implementing community policing
- Geographic focus in ownership
- Direct, daily, face to face contact
- Prevention focus
Community policing dictates that the police be proactive rather than reactive to problems and situation‘s. A crucial part of proactive policing is _______________.
Prevention
______________ Is much more attractive alternative when dealing with crime as compared to enforcement because it reduces the level of victimization in a community.
Prevention
The above philosophy and strategies must be operationalized into specific tactics or programs. For the most part, community policing comes to life through:
- Re-oriented police operations
- Problem solving and situational crime prevention
3. Community engagement
Adherents to situational crime prevention believe that crime is a product of “ _______________ “ where criminals weigh the likelihood of being discovered with the potential benefits of the act ( cornish & clarke )
” rational choice”
In some cases, a neighborhood or community will be so disorganized that it does not have the resources to become involved in helping itself. In these instances, the police must engage the community, identify leaders, and begin building the community. The police must work with : ____________ and ____________ leaders to increase the level of neighborhood governance and they must work to improve governance even when a neighborhood has a strong infrastructure
Religious and civic
Community policing, as a model, is very complex because it entails implementation throughout a _______________ , not just select units or officers
Police department
Crime analysis routinely shows that the majority of calls for service come from a relatively small number of locations. Important ingredient of community policing is to focus on these ________.
Hot spots
CPO‘s must also be mindful that their behaviors, programs, and data collection techniques, at least in part, determine what a _________ is.
Hot spot
Community policing threatens those who enjoy the traditional system, because it requires that _______________ empower officers and people with the decision making authority to properly serve communities
police superiors
Community policing broadens the police mandate to focus on proactive efforts to solve problems. CPO‘s are simply the patrol officers who serve as________________, offering direct, decentralized and personalize police service as part of a full spectrum community policing approach that involve the entire department .
community outreach specialists
Famega (2005) examine police workload studies and found that about ______% of officers time is not devoted to answering crime related calls for service
75%
In fact, one of the most common complaints from inner city residents is ____________
of the law. Inner City residents complain that the police do not give their problems the same consideration that they give the problems in more affluent communities.
Under enforcement
In most instances, people become aware of suspicious persons in activities long before the police. Community police and fosters reporting and cooperation with the public, which are necessary if the police are to prevent terrorist activity. Thus, community policing can contribute significantly to the first line of defense against terrorism ——
Information collection
A philosophical change, as required with the implementation of community policing, generally is enumerated in a departments _____________
mission statement.
In addition to being law enforcers, police must also serve as:
- Advisors
- Facilitators
- Supporters & leaders of new community-based initiatives
In its ideal form, community policing is a __________ form of participation, rather than a representative top down approach to addressing contemporary community life.
grassroots
Community policing’s introduction into American policing has been a long, complicated process. It is rooted in
- Team policing
- Police – community relations
- Crime prevention
Four major facets occur when community policing is implemented. All four facets must exist if a department is, indeed, implementing community policing
- Philosophical facet
- Organizational and personal facet
- Strategic facet
- Programmatic facet
Community policing is a philosophy of policing, based on the concept that police officers and people working together in creative ways can help solve contemporary community problems related to:
- Crime
- Fear of crime
- Quality of life
- Neighborhood conditions
One of the most difficult aspects of community policing is determining the ________ of the community.
Needs, concerns, and desires
Police officers, to be affective, must be concerned with the welfare of people in the community the primary role of the police is not to arrest people, write citations, or answer calls. These activities are merely tools by which to accomplish the police primary objective, ensuring the ____________ of the community.
Safety and domestic tranquility
Generating ____________ is one most difficult aspects of community policing, but it is essential
community involvement
Suttles (1972) notes that people develop “____________ ” where they designate certain places as theirs or their neighborhood. Stable neighborhoods have relative homogeneous of activity, people, and values
“cognitive maps”
The Hallmark of community policing is that policing is tailored to__________. When the police are accessible, people are more likely to cooperate with them, to have reduced fear of crime, and provide crime – related information.
neighborhood needs
For community policing to be successful, there must be some kind of :
geographical permanence
The goal is to decentralize police service by dividing the area into neutral and manageable units that are derived from _____________, not maps so that people can receive quality police service regardless of whether they live in Little town Texas or Midtown Manhattan.
human interactions
Danger in the traditional systems over – reliance on the patrol car is that the patrol car becomes a ________ to communication with people in the community.
barrier
In some cases, a neighborhood or Community will be so disorganized that it does not have the resources to become involved in helping itself. In these instances, the police must:
- Engage the community
- Identify leaders
- Begin building the community
Community engagement is often best accomplished through the establishment of___________
Partnerships
Improved ___________ is a welcome byproduct of community policing, though not it’s sole or even primary goal.
public relations
