Ch 8 Flashcards
Describe the relationship of BF% to health
Too much fat can be bad due to it increasing disease risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity, etc.
Too little fat can lead to anorexia and we need fat to cushion organs, insulate the body, and store metabolic fuel
Lowest recommended BF% for men and women
Men- 3%
Women- 10%
Upper levels if BF% for men and women
Men- greater than 22
Women- greater than 32
Describe the two component model
Divides your fat free mass (bone, muscle, water) and your fat mass
Siri and Brozek equations
Equations used to convert Hydro static weight to BF%
How can age, gender, ethnicity, affect FFB density? How does that affect 2C
All these factors can prove the assumptions if the 2c model wrong since there is no population specific equation.
Multi component model
This model factors in population subgroups and has specific population subgroup equations to get a more accurate measurement. It also measures water and mineral percentage
Hydrodensiometry
Underwater weighing
Client sits in chair with little clothes on tare weight is taken of equipment dunked and then the client is put underwater told to expire all air maximally to then get the weight recored.
Fat free body
Water, protein, mineral
Fat mass
Percentage of fat in body
DB
Body density ratio of body mass to body volume
Residual volume
Maximally expiring air out if lungs
Functional residual capacity
Leftover volume of air in the lungs after expiration
Tare weight
Any equipment dunked with the client that weight needs to be recorded and factored out
Air displacement plethysmomretry
Use air displacement and pressure volume relationships to estimate body volume (bod pod)
Dual energy x ray absorptiometry
Reference method for body composition best for estimating mineral contributions to FFB
Impedance and resistance in BIA
Impedance- opposition to the flow of the current (measures total body water)
Resistance- more fat makes the current harder to flow through the body
Android vs Gynoid
Android- apple shaped male more in guy
Gynoid pear shaped more in females legs glutes lower extremities
Antrhopometry
Measurement of the size and proportion of the human body
Identify the reference methods compare them
Hydrostatic weighing
Air displacement plethsmometry
ADP better due to less client comprehension and speed of the method
Field methods
Compare them
Skinfold
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis
Ultrasound
Skinfold invasive and hard to do if noe trained
BIA and ultra sound: noninvasive and easier to use
Hydrostatic weighing
Accuracies and sources of error
Accuracy: + or - 1-3%
Sources of error:
- client errors (doesnt maximally exhale)
- technician errors (not proper calibration)
- 2C component model need a population specific
Air Displacement Plethsmometry
Accuracies and sources if error
Accuracy: + or - 1-3% or 3.5%
Sources of error:
- client factors (client movement)
- technician errors (poor calibration)
Dual Energy Xray Absorptiometry
Accuracy and sources of error
Accuracy: + or - 1-3% Sources of error: - client is fasted - technician error - no standardized equipment yet different models are used
Skinfold
Accuracy and sources of error
Accuracy: can be very accurate if technician is a pro.
Sources of error:
- distribution of subcutaneous fat is similar for all people
- type of skin caliper
- client factors
- technician errors
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis
Accuracy: + or - 1-3% Sources of error: - analyzer being used - client factors - technician skill - environmental factors - FFM prediction equation
Theory of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis
Noninvasive method of attaching electrodes to parts of the body to send currents of electricity through the body to see how conductable the current is through the body
- water conducts electricity fat does not and so it will be slowed down and recorded.
Theory of ADP (Boyles law principle)
Boyles law- pressure and volume are inversely related
- bod pod is used by using the pressure in the system to measure the body volume.
Theory of Hydrodensiometry (Archimedes Principle)
Hydrostatic weighing requires a person to void and lose clothes to sit in a chair that will be dunked into water up to their neck they will then expire maximally and dunk their head under water till data is recorded the data is going to be their hydrostatic weigh to then be converted into BF%
Archimedes Principle: weight of body under water is directly proportional to the volume of water displaced by the body’s volume (HW determined BV)
Test sites for skinfold
Chest, subscapular, midaxillary, supriliac, abdominal, triceps, biceps, thigh, calf
How are body mass index and waist to hip ratio used to identify clients at risk due to obesity?
Both measure subcutnaeous fat in regions of the body that often indicate a possibility of risk factors for obesity or diseases
