CH-7 The skeleton Flashcards
1
Q
Axial skeleton
A
Going to consist of 80 bones, Divided into the skull, Vertebral column, Thoracic cage forms the longitudinal axis of the body. Supports the head, neck, trunk, protects Brain, spine, organs in the thorax
2
Q
Fontanels
A
Soft spots, unossified remnant of fibrous membranes, allow infant heads to be compressed during child birth, accumulate brain growth.
3
Q
Anterior Fontanel
A
Found between frontal bones and parietal bone
4
Q
Posterior Fontanel
A
Between the occipital bone and parietal bone
5
Q
Sphenoidal Fontanel
A
Junction between temporal bone, sphenoid bone, frontal bone, parietal bone
6
Q
Mastoid fontanel
A
Junction between temporal, occipital, and parietal bone
7
Q
Skull
A
Forms 22 cranial and facial bones
8
Q
Skull (Cranium)
A
Divided into the vault and base
9
Q
Skull (Functions
A
Enclose and protects the brain, allows head and neck muscles to attach
10
Q
Skull (Sutures)
A
Saw-tooth, Serrated looking interlocking joints formed between the bones of the adult skull
11
Q
Skull (Cranial vault)
A
“Calvaria” forms the superior, lateral, posterior or aspects of the skull
12
Q
Skull (Cranial base)
A
“Floor” forms the skulls inferior aspect
13
Q
Skull (Fossa)
A
Contain parts of the brain, frontal lobe in anterior fossa, temporal lobe in middle fossa, and cerebellum in posterior fossa
14
Q
Frontal Bones
A
Form the anterior cranium
15
Q
Bones (Coronal suture)
A
Found where the parietal bones meet the frontal bones
16
Q
Bones (Supraorbital margin)
A
Thickened superior margins of the orbits, found lying under the eyebrows
17
Q
Bones (Supraorbital foramen)
A
“Notch” opening above the orbital cavity allows for the supraorbital artery and nerves to pass and make its way to the forehead.
18
Q
Bones (Glabella)
A
Smooth portion between the two orbits
19
Q
Bones (Frontal Sinus)
A
Found area lateral and internal to the labella
20
Q
Bones (Zygomatic Process)
A
Found right at the area near the zygomatic bone on the frontal bone
21
Q
Parietal bones
A
Two large curved and rectangular bones are gonna form the superior, lateral aspects of the skull
22
Q
Parietal Bones (Coronal suture)
A
Found where the parietal bones meet the frontal bones
23
Q
Parietal Bones (Sagittal sutures)
A
Found where the parietal bones meet each other superiorly at the cranial midline
24
Q
Parietal Bones (Lambdoid suture)
A
Where the parietal bones meet occipital bones posteriorly
25
Parietal Bones (Squamous suture)
Where the parietal bones meet the temporal bones on the lateral side
26
Occipital bone
Forms most of the skulls posterior walls and base
27
Occipital bone ( Lambdoid suture)
Where the parietal bones meet occipital bones posteriorly
28
Occipital bone (Occipitomastoid Suture)
Where the temporal bones and occipital bones are going to meet
29
Occipital bone ( Foramen Magnum)
Large hole in the base of the occipital bone, where the inferior brains stem connects to the spinal column
30
Occipital bone (Occipital condyle)
Are rocker like found in the inferior surface, articulate with vertebrae #1, "permits us to nod our head in the yes motion"
31
Occipital bone (Hypoglossal canal)
Found hidden, medially, and superiorly to each condyle from the inferior view, contains cranial nerve #12, hypoglossal nerve
32
Occipital bone (External occipital protuberance and crest)
Protuberance is a protrusion just superior to the foramen magnum, bulging part of the posterior skull, serve along with the crest as muscle attachment sights
33
Occipital bone (Superior and inferior nuchal lines)
Can be seen flaring laterally from the crest, we have inferior nuchal lines
34
Temporal bones
Inferior to the parietal bones, meet at the squamous suture.
35
Squamous region Temporal bones (Zygomatic process and arch)
Bar like process that meets with the zygomatic bone
36
Squamous region Temporal bones (Mandibular fossa)
Small oval area found on the inferior surface of the zygomatic process receives the mandible which forms the temporal mandibular joint
37
Tympanic region
Surround the external acoustic meatus
38
Tympanic region-Temporal bones- (External acoustic meatus)
Extends ear canal where sound enters to make its way to the tympanic membrane
39
Tympanic region-Temporal bones- (Styloid process)
Needle like structure, found below the external acoustic meatus "serves as muscle attachment sight for several tongue muscles and neck muscles, ligaments
40
Mastoid region- Temporal bones
Area found posterior to the squamous and tympanic regions
41
Mastoid region- Temporal bones- (Mastoid process)
Anchoring sight for several neck muscles
42
Petrous region- Temporal bones (Jugular foramen)
Junctions of the petrous region and occipital bone allows passage of internal jugular vein. Also cranial nerves #9,10,11
43
Petrous region- Temporal bones (Carotid canal)
Found anterior to the jugular foramen, transmit the internal carotid artery
44
Petrous region- Temporal bones ( Foramen Lacerum)
Openings between the petrous region of the bone, occipital bone, sphenoid bone.
45
Petrous region- Temporal bones (Internal acoustic meatus)
Anterior medial to the jugular foramen, contains cranial nerves #7,8
46
Sphenoid bone
Bat shaped bone, spans the width of the middle cranial fossa, articulates with all bones
47
Sphenoid bone (body)
Will house the sinus
48
Sphenoid bone (Sella turcia)
Saddle shaped prominence on the superior surface of the body
49
Sphenoid bone (Hypophyseal fossa)
Contain the pituitary gland
50
Sphenoid bone (Greater and lesser wing)
Help form the anterior, middle cranium fossa
51
Sphenoid bone (Pterygoid process)
Projecting inferiorly, anchor the pterygoid muscle.
52
Sphenoid bone (Optic canal)
Anterior to the sella turcia, allow for optic nerve, cranial nerve#2 to pass
53
Sphenoid bone (Superior orbital fissure)
A long slit between the greater and lesser wings, allow cranial nerves #3,4,6 to pass
54
Sphenoid bone (Foramen Rotundum, Foramen Ovale)
Posterior, lateral to the optic canal, while the Foramen oval is more posterior, both allow cranial #5 fiber to pass
55
Sphenoid bone (Foramen spinous)
Posterior, lateral to the foramen oval and transmits the middle meningeal artery
56
Sphenoid bone (Sphenoid sinus)
Located within the body
57
Ethmoid bone
Found between the sphenoid bone and nasal bone, most deeply situated bones of the skull forms most of the nasal cavity and it helps to form orbit.
58
Ethmoid bone (Cribiform plate )
Found in the superior surface of the ethmoid bone, forms roof of the nasal cavity and the floor of the anterior cranial fossa and "contains cranial nerve #1 lying on it)
59
Ethmoid bone ( Olfactory foramen)
"Tiny openings" holes that allow filaments of the olfactory nerve to pass
60
Ethmoid bone (Crista Galli)
Triangular process that's projecting superiorly, serves as an anchoring site for the meninges
61
Ethmoid bone (Perpendicular plate)
Projects inferiorly into the median plane of the nasal cavity, forms a superior part of the nasal septum
62
Ethmoid bone (Lateral mass and ethmoid sinus)
Found flanking the perpendicular plate on each side
63
Ethmoid bone (Superior and middle nasal conchae)
Found extending medially from the lateral masses, delicately coiled to scroll like structures, help to create turbulence in the inspired air. (Protrude to the nasal cavity)
64
Facial bones
Formed of 14 bones, the mandible, and the vomer bones are only unpaired bones.
65
Facial bones (Functions)
To form framework of the face, to contain cavities for our special sense (Sight, smell, taste), provide openings for air, for the passage of food, help secure teeth, anchor facial muscles.
66
Facial Bones (Mandible)
Lower jaw bone "Largest strongest bone of the face"
67
Facial Bones Mandible (Body)
Help form the chin, secures the lower row of teeth
68
Facial Bones Mandible (Ramus)
Upright ramps meet the body at mandibular angle
69
Facial Bones Mandible (Mandibular angle)
Found in between Ramus and body
70
Facial Bones Mandible (Coronoid process)
Serves as the insertion point for the temporals muscle, that elevates the lower jaw.
71
Facial Bones Mandible (Mandibular condyle)
Articulates with the mandibular fossa, form the temporal mandibular joint
72
Facial Bones Mandible (Mandibular notch)
Separates the condyle from the coronoid process
73
Facial Bones Mandible (Alveolar margin)
Going to contain lower row teeth, found on the superior aspect of the body
74
Facial Bones Mandible (Mandibular symphysis)
Slight protrusion found in the midline of the mandibular body
75
Facial Bones Mandible (Mandibular Foramen)
Found on the medial surface, permits the nerve of the lower jaw to pass
76
Facial Bones Mandible (Mental foramen)
Opening on anterior aspect, allows nerves, vessels of the skin , of the chin and lower lip to pass.
77
Facial bones (Maxillae)
Fused medially, forms upper jaw, central portion of the facial skeleton
78
Facial bones Maxillae (Alveolar margin)
Carrying the upper row of teeth
79
Facial bones Maxillae (Anterior nasal spine)
Going to be found now at the junction where the maxilla meet medially
80
Facial bones Maxillae (Palatine process)
Forms the anterior 2/3 of the hard palate
81
Facial bones Maxillae (Frontal process)
Found forming the lateral aspects of the bridge of the nose
82
Facial bones Maxillae (Zygomatic process)
Articulate with the maxilla
83
Facial bones Maxillae (Inferior orbital fissure)
Found deep within the orbit, at the junction of the maxilla, and greater wing of sphenoid bone
84
Facial bones Maxillae (Infraorbital foramen)
Found located inferior to the eye sockets, contain the infraorbital artery and nerve to pass
85
Zygomatic bones
Irregularly shaped cheek bones
86
Nasal bones
Thin, rectangular shaped bones, fused medially "Form bridge of the nose)
87
Lacrimal bones
Delicate fingernail shaped bones, help form orbital socket
88
Lacrimal fossa
Deep grooves that are found in relation to the lacrimal bone and the maxilla "Accommodate tears"
89
Palatine Bones
L shaped bones, helps to form the posterior 1/3 of the hard palate
90
Vomer
Lies in the nasal cavity, slender bone, helps to complete that nasal septum
91
Inferior nasal conchae
Thin carved bones, largest of the three conchae, help create turbulence
92
Hyoid bone
Not apart of the skull, found inferior to the mandible, in out anterior neck, serves as a moveable base for the tongue.
93
Hyoid bone (body)
Only bone in the body that does not articulate with other bones, found on tope of the larynx
94
Vertebral column
Chain of 33 vertebrae (26 irregular bones connected) in a flexible way
95
Divisions (Cervical vertebrae)
(7 vertebrae), also known as vertebrae of the neck, take on a concave curvature
96
Divisions (Thoracic vertebrae)
(12 vertebrae), vertebra of the thoracic cage, the take on a convex curvature
97
Divisions (Lumbar vertebrae)
(5 vertebrae), Lower back, take on a concave curvature
98
Divisions (Sacrum)
(5 vertebrae that has been fused together), take on this convex curvature
99
Divisions (Coccyx)
(4 vertebrae that have been fused together), the curvatures increase resilience and flexibility
100
Abnormal curvatures (Scoliosis)
Abnormal lateral curvature
101
Abnormal curvatures (Kyphosis)
Hunchback, abnormal posterior thoracic curvature
102
Abnormal curvatures (Lordosis)
Swayback, abnormal anterior lumbar curvature
103
Intervertebral discs (nucleus pulposus)
Inner gelatinous nucleus that gives the disc its elasticity
104
Intervertebral discs (Anulus fibrosus)
Outer collar that's composed of collagen and fibrocartilage
105
General structure of vertebrae (Body)
"Centrum", anterior weight bearing region
106
General structure of vertebrae (Vertebral arch)
Composed of pedicles and laminae that, along with centrum, enclose vertebral foramen
107
General structure of vertebrae (Vertebral foramen and vertebral canal)
Together make up vertebral canal for spinal cord
108
General structure of vertebrae (Pedicles)
Vertebral arch
109
General structure of vertebrae (Laminae)
Vertebral arch
110
Specific structures (cervical vertebrae)
C1-C7: Smallest, lightest vertebrae
111
Specific structures (C3-C6)
Typical vertebrae
112
Specific structures (C3-C6) (body)
Oval body
113
Specific structures (C3-C6) (Spinous process)
Are bifid except C7
114
Specific structures (C3-C6) (Vertebral foramen)
Large, Triangular Shaped
115
Specific structures (C3-C6) (Transverse foramen)
Openings exhibited by transverse processes
116
Vertebra prominens
Vertebra #7
117
Atlas
C1
118
Atlas C1 (Lateral masses)
Have articular facets
119
Atlas C1 (Facet for dens)
Structure that hits up against the 2nd vertebra
120
Axis
C2
121
Axis C2 (Dens)
When the two articulate with each other, allows us to move our head "NO" fashion
122
Thoracic vertebrae
12 total nerve roots
123
Thoracic vertebrae (Body)
Much bigger to the cervical vertebrae, body exhibit costal facets
124
Thoracic vertebrae (Spinous process)
Sharp pointed, angled downward
125
Thoracic vertebrae (Vertebral foramen)
Circular shape
126
Thoracic vertebrae (Transverse costal facets)
For the ribs when they come around
127
Lumbar vertebrae (Body)
Much, thicker, bigger compared to all three
128
Lumbar vertebrae (Pedicels and laminae)
Short and sharp
129
Lumbar vertebrae (Spinous process)
Short, flat hatchet shaped
130
Lumbar vertebrae (Vertebral foramen)
Triangular shaped
131
Lumbar vertebrae (Articular processes)
Large, deeply curved
132
Sacrum (Superior articular processes)
Articulate with the inferior aspect of L5
133
Sacrum (Auricular surface)
Found on the posterior lateral aspect of the sacrum and this surface is going to articulate with the same named surface of the coaxial bones
134
Sacrum (Sacral promontory)
Found at the anterior margin on the first sacral vertebra
135
Sacrum (Transverse ridges)
Sites of vertebral fusion
136
Sacrum (Anterior and posterior sacral foramina)
Sacral nerves and arteries pass
137
Sacrum (ALA)
Wing like parts
138
Sacrum (Median sacral crest)
Found at the midline of the posterior aspect
139
Sacrum (Lateral sacral crests)
Lying lateral to the sacral foramina
140
Sacrum (Sacral canal)
Large,Triangular opening that extends the length of the bone
141
Sacrum (Hiatus)
posterior caudal opening at the end of the sacral canal
142
Coccyx
Four bones fused together
143
Thoracic cage (Sternum)
Breast bone, made
144
Thoracic cage, Manubrium, (Clavicular notches)
Notches found in reference to the clavicles
145
Thoracic cage, Manubrium, (Jugular notch)
Super sternal notch
146
Thoracic cage, Manubrium, (Sternal angle)
Angle of Louis
147
Thoracic cage, body, (Costal notches)
Notches in relation to the ribs
148
Thoracic cage, Xiphoid process, (Xiphisternal joint)
Where Xiphoid process, and the body come together
149
Thoracic cage, Ribs (Vertebrosternal ribs)
True ribs (1-7)
150
Thoracic cage, Ribs (Vertebronchondral ribs)
False ribs (8-12)
151
Thoracic cage, Ribs (Vertebral ribs)
Floating ribs
152
Thoracic cage, Structure of ribs(Shaft)
Allows us to appreciate this costal groove where the nerve artery, veins is gonna pass
153
Thoracic cage, Structure of ribs(Head)
Found on the neck
154
Thoracic cage, Structure of ribs(Neck)
Inferior to the head
155
Thoracic cage, Structure of ribs(Tubercle)
Comes into contact with the transverse costal facet
