ch 7: the aural realm of music Flashcards by Keith P

All sounds are a form of ______________ produced by the vibration of an object.

energy

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The vibration makes the air around the object vibrate too. These air vibrations are called?

sound waves

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A sound wave is the ________________________________ caused by the movement of energy traveling through a medium (such as air, water, or any other liquid or solid matter) as it propagates away from the source of the sound.

pattern of disturbance

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a pattern of disturbance caused by the movement of energy traveling through a medium (such as air, water, or any other liquid or solid matter) as it propagates away from the source of the sound.

sound wave

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Music is a combination of?

sounds and silence.

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Traditionally, noises were not part of music, but nowadays composers use what in many different ways in their compositions to create new musical experiences?

sounds, silence and even noises

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ELEMENTS OF MUSIC

(enumerate)

RHYTHM - time
DYNAMICS - loud/quiet
MELODY - high/low (pitch) - linear/horizontal
HARMONY - verticalization of pitch
TEMPO - speed (pace)

(RDMHT)

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is the element of “TIME” in music.

RHYTHM

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When you tap your foot to the music, you are “keeping the beat“ or following the structural rhythmic pulse of the music.

RHYTHM

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All musical aspects relating to the relative loudness (or quietness) of music fall under this general element.

DYNAMICS

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DYNAMIC LEVELS

(enumerate)

pianissimo (pp) – very quiet
piano (p) – quiet
mezzo-piano (mp) – moderately quiet
mezzo-forte (mf) – moderately loud
forte (f) – loud
fortissimo (ff) – very loud
crescendo – gradually getting louder
decrescendo – gradually getting quieter
accent – “punching” or “leaning into”, a note harder to temporarily emphasize

(PPMMFFCDA)

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very quiet

pianissimo (pp) –

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quiet

piano (p) –

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moderately quiet

mezzo-piano (mp) –

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moderately loud

mezzo-forte (mf) –

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loud

forte (f) –

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very loud

fortissimo (ff) –

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gradually getting louder

crescendo –

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gradually getting quieter

decrescendo –

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“punching” or “leaning into”, a note harder to temporarily emphasize

accent

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accent is “________________” or “____________________”, a note harder to temporarily emphasize

“punching” or “leaning into”

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is the LINEAR/HORIZONTAL presentation of pitch (the word used to describe the highness or lowness of a musical sound).

MELODY

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is the VERTICALIZATION of the pitch.

HARMONY

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Often, harmony is thought of as the art of combining pitches into chords (several notes played simultaneously as a “____________”).

block

These chords are usually arranged into **sentence-like** patterns called?

chord progressions.

is the speed of the beat or the music’s pace. It determines how fast and slow the music is.

TEMPO

TEMPO ## Footnote (enumerate)

- largo – very slow (broad) - grave – very slow (solemn) - adagio – slow - andante – moderately slow, a walking - moderato – moderate - allegretto – moderately fast - allegro – fast - vivace – lively - presto – very fast - prestissimo – as fast as possible ## Footnote (LGAAMAAVPP)

very slow (broad)

largo

very slow (solemn)

grave

slow

adagio

moderately slow, a walking

andante

moderate

moderato

moderately fast

allegretto

fast

allegro

lively

vivace

very fast

presto

as fast as possible

prestissimo

PERIODS OF MUSIC

- MIDDLE AGES - catholic - RENAISSANCE - humanism - BAROQUE - ornate/elaborate (rise) - CLASSIC - structural unity, clarity, balance (standard) - ROMANTIC - flamboyance & superstar - MODERN - freedom

450 - 1450

MIDDLE AGES

1760-1820

Classic

An era dominated by **Catholic sacred music**, which began as simple chant but grew in complexity in the **13th to 15th centuries** by experiments in **harmony and rhythm.**

MIDDLE AGES

1900 - present

Modern

1450 - 1600

RENAISSANCE

A more *personal style* emerged in this era with a greater focus on **Humanism**, and a **rebirth** of learning and exploration.

RENAISSANCE

Considered as the **‘Golden Age of Vocal Music**

RENAISSANCE

1600 - 1750

Baroque

This era—**the last great age of aristocratic rule**—is represented by extremely **ornate and elaborate approaches to the arts.**

Baroque

This era saw the rise of **instrumental music,** the invention of the **modern violin** family and the creation of the first **orchestras.**

Baroque

The music of this **politically turbulent era** focused on **structural unity, clarity and balance**. The new expressive and dramatic approaches to composition and performance that were developed in this era became the standards that all "Classical music be judged by great composers

Classic

The new expressive and dramatic approaches to composition and performance that were developed in this era became the **standards** that all*** "Classical music be judged by great composers***

Classic

1820-1900

Romantic

This era witnessed an explosion of **flamboyance, nationalism, the rise of "superstar" performers**, and **concerts aimed at middle-class "paying" audiences**. *Orchestral, theatrical and soloistic music grew to spectacular heights of personal expression.*

Romantic

is the breaking-down of all traditional aesthetic conventions, thereby unleashing complete freedom in all aesthetic dimensions, including melody, rhythm, and chord progression. ... Even the very notion of what constitutes "music" was redefined.

Modern

Modern 1900-present

POP JAZZ ROCK COUNTRY ELECTRONIC RAP

~ “MUSICIS A FRIEND, AN ENEMY, AN ALTER-EGO, A REFLECTION, AND A GREAT ~~ STORY TELLER.”

- AURAL — the ability to produce sound(?) - SONG <— sound/sound waves <— vibration - sound needs a medium to travel - the combination of sound, silence, and noises

Sound waves - birth of all sounds hearing - involuntary - innate - God-given gift listening - voluntary - your will - eveluating the sound and information - there is understanding a product on how we produce Elements of music - building blocks BEAT - e.g heartbeat - beat is constant in any music (doesn't change) - below the rhythm - it will stick up to the last part of the song - how you jive TEMPO - fastness or slowness - tempo changes 1. RHYTHM - rhythm is constantly changing - the timing of the music - the pattern - balance the - time signature 2. DYNAMICS - paglakas and paghina - DYNAMIC LEVELS — 3. MELODY - pitch, taas at baba - mga notes - series of notes in a song - HARMONY - verticalization - play notes at the same time - sabay² - combination of sound TEMPO - fastness and slowness of the sound - speed/pace of the music - largo—mabagal, malawak(broader) grave—very slow, malumanay(solemn) adagio— andante— PERIODS OF MUSIC 1. MIDLE AGES - 450-1450(mali ung sa ppt) - chant - spiritual level - give glory - experiment from how music started - harmonize, singing in group, consider the elements 2. RENAISSANCE - golden age of vocal music - humanism - personile style and experimentation - realities of life and how human emotion affect the composition of music 3. BAROQUE - saw the need to have accompaniment (through instruments) - extremely embellished (madaming nangyayari, madaming ganaps) 4. CLASSIC - it's giving greek (golden ratio: balance, unity, etc.) - unbreakable - stand time - resist to adapt - standard 5. ROMANTIC PERIOD - make music from a diff perspective (lumayo sya) - giving chances to performers to perform - paying people to perfeom (group, duet, etc. were able to express themselves) - open the doors to opportunity for diff kinds of composers/etc. to perform/showcase their music(????) 6. MODERN - breaking down stereotypes of wht music should be - deconstructivism - freedom of expression on musicality Pop - popular music Jazz - is diff in time signature - in the ph: jazz came from latin americans Rock - Country - also have diff time signature - it's the novelty(new) songs (ung atin talaga) Electronic - Rap - changes in its tempo