ch 7 study guide

Question 1

single celled bacteria with NO nucleus

Answer 1

prokaryotic cell

Question 2

how many layers surround the cytosol

Answer 2

3

Question 3

name layers starting with innermost layer

Answer 3

cell membrane cell wall capsule

Question 4

small loop inside cytoplasm

Answer 4

plasmids

Question 5

how do plasmids help the bacterium

Answer 5

has extra dna that gives it “superpowers”

Question 6

how does flagellum help a bacterium

Answer 6

helps it move

Question 7

spirillum

Answer 7

squiggly

Question 8

cocci

Answer 8

dots

Question 9

bacillus

Answer 9

long stick like thingies

Question 10

what does “strepto” mean

Answer 10

in a row

Question 11

what does “staphyllo” mean

Answer 11

in a group

Question 12

how often do bacteria divide under ideal conditions

Answer 12

every 20 minutes

Question 13

bacteria divide through…

Answer 13

binary fission

Question 14

what is a pathogen

Answer 14

something that causes disease

Question 15

how does refrigeration limit the amount of bacteria

Answer 15

slows chemical reactions/makes it divide slower

Question 16

what does boing do to bacteria?

Answer 16

kills it

Question 17

ability that bacteria have to survive harsh conditions

Answer 17

form an endospore (protective case)

Question 18

3 different ways bacteria are helpful

Answer 18

making vitamins digestion foods decomposition nitrogen fixation

Question 19

nitrogen fixation

Answer 19

bacteria pull nitrogen from the air and use it to make molecules that contain nitrogen which all living things need

Question 20

where in a plant can you find nitrogen fixing bacteria

Answer 20

in the roots

Question 21

2 examples of foods produced by bacteria

Answer 21

cheese yogurt chocolate

Question 22

bacterial conjugation; why does this make some bacteria harder to fight

Answer 22

they use their pilli to form a bridge and pass their plasmids to each other

Question 23

hoe do antibiotics cause bacteria to die

Answer 23

weakens cell wall

Question 24

2 parts that make up every virus

Answer 24

protein capsid/ dna-rna

Question 25

how does a virus reproduce

Answer 25

attaches to a host cell- injects itself into it- gets call to copy its own dna- explodes cell

Question 26

lysogenic vs lypic cycle

Answer 26

viruses dna joins with cells dna
hides out and lets the cell do mitosis for weeks/months/years before making symptoms

Question 27

incubation period

Answer 27

length of time between infection and first symptoms

Question 28

longer incubation period

Answer 28

lysogenic

Question 29

antibodies; where they come from

Answer 29

-y shaped proteins that disable viruses
-made by blood cells

Question 30

whats inside a vaccine

Answer 30

disable pathogen or instructions to make part of a pathogen